Topics For Recap ! ! ! Flashcards
1
Q
Free radicles - Defination ??
A
37
2
Q
Free radicles - Example ?
A
37
3
Q
Free radicels - Source ??
All points
A
37
4
Q
Good side / Role of free radicles ??
A
38
5
Q
Injuries caused by Free radicals?
A
38
6
Q
Removal of free radicals ?
A
38
7
Q
Necrosis - Defination
A
39
8
Q
Classifications of necrosis ??
A
39-40
9
Q
Nuclear changes in necrotic cell ?
A
40
9
Q
Autolysis & Heterolysis Defination ?
A
40
10
Q
Cytological changes in necrotic cell ?
A
40
10
Q
Coagulative necrosis example ?
A
41
11
Q
Sequele of necrosis / cell death ? ?
A
41
11
Q
Liquefactive / colliquative necrosis example ?
A
42
12
Q
Caseous necrosis example ?
A
42
13
Q
Fat necrosis example ?
A
43
14
Q
Ischemic necrosis defination ?
A
43
15
Q
Fibrinoid necrosis example ?
A
43
16
Q
Fat nerosis in acute pancreatitis / Fat saponification ?
A
43
17
Q
Necrotic cell VS normal cell ?
A
44
18
Q
Coagulative N VS Liquefactive N ??
A
44
19
Q
Coagulative N VS Caseous N ??
A
44
19
Q
Physiological causes of Apoptosis ??
A
45 `
20
Q
Pathological causes of apoptosis ?
A
46
20
Apoptosis - Defination
***
45
21
Morphologcal features of apoptosis ??
46
22
Necroptosis Defination ??
47
23
Pyroptosis ? Defination ?
48
24
Ferroptosis ? Defination + Short Note
****
48
25
Is there any inflammation in apoptosis ??
Mam-Fav Ques ?
49
26
Necrosis VS Apoptosis ? ?
*********
50
26
Enzyme responsible for apoptosis ??
47
26
Mechanism of Apoptosis ??
***
51
27
Cellular adaptation defination ??
**
52
27
Causes of hypertrophy ??
53
27
Types of cellular adaptation ??
***
53
28
Hypertrophy defination ?
53
29
Physiologic example of hypertrophy?
53
30
Pathologic cause of Hypertrophy?
54
30
Mechanism of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ??
VIVA
Volume + Pressure overload ?
54
31
Hyperplasia defination ?
56
32
Pathologic hyperplasia example ?
56
32
Both Hyperplasia + Hypertrophy where ?
56
33
Physiological hyperplasia example ?
56
34
Physiologic example of Atrophy ?
59
35
Clinical importance of Hyperplasia ?
Prof Viva ?
56
36
Hypoplasia defination ?
57
37
Hyperplasia VS Hypertrophy ??
**********
58
38
Hyperplasia VS Neoplasia
PROF VIVA
58
39
Atrophy Defination ?
59
40
Mechanism of atrophy ?
60
41
What is Brown Atrophy ??
60
42
What is wear and tear tissue ?
PROF VIVA ?
60
43
Metaplasia - Defination ?
*** `
61
44
example of Epithelium metaplasia ?
61
45
example of Connective Tissue metaplasia ?
62
46
Mechanism of Metaplasia ??
*********
62
47
Clinical importance of Metaplasia ??
PROF VIVA
63
48
which metaplasia doesnot turn into malignant ?
Apocrine metaplasia of breast
62
49
why Metaplasia two-edge sword ?
63
50
Advantage of metaplasia ?
63
51
Disadvantage of metaplasia ?
63
52
Fatty changes ? Defination ?
66
53
Sites of fatty changes ?
66
54
Mechanism of fatty changes in the liver ??
PROF VIVA
67
55
Consequences of fatty liver ?
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
56
Pathological calcification Defination ?
***
68
56
why fatty changes in PEM ?
67
57
Morphology of Fatty changes
Specimen - thakte pare !!!!!!!
67
57
Fat necrosis VS Fatty changes ?
68
58
Examples of sites of Psammoma bodies ?
70
58
Types of pathologic calcification ?
69
59
Sites & consequences of pathologic calcification?
69
60
What is psammoma bodies ??
Defination
70
60
Dystrophic VS Metastatic Calcification ?
71
61
Inflammation - Defination ?
*****
73
61
Can I occur in Avascular tissue ?
73
62
Harmful & Beneficial effects of Inflammation ?
75
63
Classification of Inflammation ?
**** written
76
64
Cardinal signs of Inflammation ?
***
76
64
Pathogenesis of cardinal signs of inflammation ?
***
76
64
Hallmark of chronic specific & non-specific ?
76
65
Components of acute inflammation ??
********
77
66
Acute inflammation cell ??
77
67
Chronic inflammation defination ?
***
78
67
Events / Components of Acute Inflammation ??
***
80-81-82
67
cells of chronic inflammation ?
79
68
Cellular events of acute inflammation ??
82
69
which acute I have more complication ?
Fibrinous
70
Mechanism of increase in vascular permeability ?
***
81
71
Cytokines example ?/
ja mone pore arki !!!
9.21'
17.2.2025
83
72
Endothelial and leukocyte adhesion molecules name ??
85
73
why Neutrophuls are pre-dominant in early inflammation ?
86
73
Phagocytosis Defination ??
****************
88
74
Chroni I where Neutrophil is the pre-dominant cell ?
86
chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis
chronic irritation and damage in the lung
74
Exogenous chemotactic substance name ??
VIVA
87
75
Acute I where Lymphocyte is the predominant cell /
acute viral infection
86
76
Endogenous chemoattractants name ?
87
77
Process of phagocytosis ??
************
88
78
What is opsonin & example ??
VIVA
89
79
O2 dependent microbial killing mechanism ?
88
80
O2 independent microbial killing mechanism ?
89
81
Frustrated phagocytosis Defination
VIVA
90
82
Functions of chemical mediators of Inflammation ??
*****8
92
82
Name of chemical medators of Inflammation ??
***********
92
83
Role of arachidonic acid metabolites in inflammation ??
********
96
84
Exudation Defination
written *****
99
84
Exudate VS Transudate ??
PROF VIVA
101
85
Granulomatous inflammation Defination ?
106
86
Parasitic granulomatous inflammation ?
Schistosomiaisis
106
87
Examples of Granulomatous inflammation ?
+ causative agents
written *********
106
88
Cat scratch disease agent ?
Bartonella henselae
89
Morphology of Granuloma ??
*******
107
89
Causes of granuloma ??
**********
107
89
Classification of Granuloma ??
*******
107-108
89
Granuloma defination ??
****
107
89
Pathogenesis of Granuloma ?
*****
109
89
Types of giant cells ???
113
89
Morphological classification of Granuloma with examples ?
VIVA + WRITTEN *********************
108
89
What is epithelioid cell ?
108
89
Figure of Granuloma ?
111
89
Giant cell defination ?
VIVA
112
89
Causes of cellular swelling ??
26
90
Cell injury Defination ??
**************
24
90
Hallmark of reversible cell injury ??
28
90
Types of Cell injury ??
25
90
Causes of Cell injury ??
**********
24
90
Types of Hypoxia ??
PROF VIVA
25
90
Why Ischaemia >>>> Hypoxia ??
VIVA
25
90
Cellular & tissue response to different types of injury ??
26
90
Hallmark of irreversible cell injury ??
28
90
What is point of no return ??
PROF VIVA
29
90
Mechanism of Cell injury ??
***************
30-31-32
90
Consequence of ATP depletion in ischemic cell injury ?
**
30
91
Increased cytosolic Ca in cell injury ??
*******
34
92
Features of hypoxic reversible cell injury ???
*******
35
93
Causes of ischemia reperfusion injury ?
36
94
Neoplasia Defination
OLD + MODERN
PROF VIVA + WRITTEN ***********
197
95
Classification of neoplasm ?
199
96
Benign tumor Def ?
208
96
Behavioral classification ?
*
199
96
Favored classification ?
PROF VIVA
198
97
Papilloma def ?
202
98
Adenoma Def ?
202
99
Polyp Def ?
205
99
Desmoplasia Def ?
207
100
Components of neoplasm ?
198
100
Malignant tumor Def ?
209
100
Benign VS Malignant ??
*********
211-212
101
Examples of Intermediate tumor / locally malignant tumor ?
213
101
Features of Malignant tumor ?
209
102
Carcinoma VS Sarcoma ??
********
212
103
Differentiation Def ??
214
104
What is intermediate tumor ?
213
105
Anaplasis Def ??
214
106
Tumor Invasion Def ?
218
107
Dysplasia Def ?
215
108
Tumor Invasion mechanism ?
***********
219
109
Metastasis Def ??
220
110
Carcinoma in situ Def ??
216
111
Routes of tumor metastasis ?
******
221
112
Mechanism of metastasis ??
223-224
112
Pseudomyxoma periotnei def ??
223
113
FNAC short note
254
113
Examples of tumor markers ?
243
114
Paraneoplastic syndrome -SHORT NOTE
240
115
Tumor marker def ??
243
116
Lab diagnosis of tumor - whole ??
248-249
117
Importance of IHC ??
252
18.2.2025
1.43 AM
