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Pathology-Medical-Prof > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

name of the obstructive lung disease ?

92

A

COPD
-emphysema
-chronic bronchitis

bronchial asthma
bronchiectasis

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2
Q

what is OLD ?

A

inc in resistance to airflow
due to diffuse airway disease
that may effect any part of R tract

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3
Q

Emphysema defination ?

A

it is a chronic obstrcutive airway D
characterized by irreversible enlargement of airspaces
distal to terminal bronchioles
accompanied by
destrcution of their wall without obvious fibrosis

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4
Q

type of emphysema ?

A

centriacinar
panacinar
distal acinar / paraseptal
irregular

93

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5
Q

centriacinar emphysema cause ?

A

heavy smoking

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6
Q

panacinar E cause ?

A

alpha1- anti-trypsin deficiency

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7
Q

distal acinar cause ?

A

spontaneous pneumothorax

93

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8
Q

irregular E cause >

A

scarring

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9
Q

Pneumoniae defination ?

A

infection of the lung parenchyma

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10
Q

gross and radiologic apperance of pneumonia?

A

consolidation

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11
Q

types of pneumoniae ?

A

106

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12
Q

lobar P vs Broncho P ?

A

112

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13
Q

consolidation type in lobar p >

A

fibrino-suppurative

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14
Q

consolidation type in broncho P >

A

patchy

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15
Q

age of lobar P ?

A

young

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16
Q

age of broncho P >

A

extreme age
infants + old

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17
Q

distribution of consolidation in lobar P >?

A

large portion of lobe

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18
Q

area of consolidation in broncho P ?

A

several lobe

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19
Q

X ray findings of L P ?

A

consolidation

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20
Q

X ray findings of Broncho P ?

A

mottled focal opacities

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21
Q

prognosis good in which pneumonia?

A

lobar

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22
Q

morphology of pneumoniae ?

A

stage of congestion
stage of red hepatization
stage of grey hepatization
stage of resolution

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23
Q

gross of - initial ophase ?

A

heavy
boggy
red

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24
Q

gross of early consolidation ?

A

red
firm
airless
liver like consistency

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25
Q

gross of late consolidation ?

A

greyish brown
liver like consistency

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26
Q

GROSS of stage of resolution ><

A

normal

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27
Q

lung tumors main etiology ?

A

🚬

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28
Q

lung tumor age ?

A

40-70 yrs

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29
Q

classify lung tumors ?

A

122

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30
Q

bening tumor of lung ?

A

papilloma
adenoma

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31
Q

malignant - primary tumor of Lung ?

A

bronchogenic Ca
carcinoid
lymphoma
adenoic cystitis

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32
Q

secondary malignant lung Ca ?

A

bowel
breast
kidney
thyroid
liver
lung

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33
Q

tumor like lesion of lung ?

A

hamartoma
eosinophilic granuloma

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34
Q

what is eosinophilic granuloma ?

A

pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration due to microfilaria

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35
Q

which one is common now ?

A

adenocarcinoma

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36
Q

WHO classification of brochogenic Ca ???

A

adenocarcinoma
SCC
Large cell ca
neuroendocrine cell ca
-small cell ca
-large cell neuroendocrine ca
-carcinoid tumor

adenosqumous
combined large cell neuroendocrine
combined small cell neuroendocrine
sarcomatoid
spindle
giant cell ca

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37
Q

why adenocarcinoma common ?

A

women - smoking style change – filter - vape - tar - nicotine

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38
Q

who are efefcted by adenocarcinoma ?

A

women
non-smoker

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39
Q

site of adenocarcinoma ?

A

periphery

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40
Q

peripheral lung tumoe ?

A

adenocarcinoma
large cell ca

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41
Q

central lung tumor ?

A

SCC
small cell carcinoma

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42
Q

which one more dangrerous ?

A

small cell carcinoma

43
Q

Small cc other name >

A

oat cell ca

44
Q

why more dangerous ?

A

most aggressive
wide spread metastasis
no-preinvasive phase
poor prognosis
incurable by surgical menas

127

45
Q

male + smoker = ??

46
Q

Primary sites from where ca metastasis to lung ?

A

124

PUB-LIK-T

47
Q

Bronchogenic Ca defination ?

A

it is the malignant neoplasm of the lung
arising from the
bronchial epithelium /mucous glands

48
Q

risk factors of Bronchogenic ca ?

A

tobacco smoking
air pollution
radiation exposure
asbestos
industrial hazards
molecular genetics

125

48
Q

industrial hazards example in lung ca ?

A

Ni
Cr
Be
As
Mustard gas
vinyl Cl

48
Q

growth pattern of adenocarcinoma ?

A

acinar
papillary
micropapillary
solid
lepidic
mucinous

49
Q

small cell gene ?

50
Q

adenocarcinoma gene ?

A

KRAS
tyrosine kinase

51
Q

SCC gene ?

A

P53
RB
CDKN24

52
Q

cytology type in lung ca ?

A

exfoliative

53
Q

Pathogenesis of bronchogenic SCC ?

54
Q

what type of metaplasia in SCC ?

A

Squmous metaplasia

55
Q

growth pattern of SCC ?

A

exophytic
infiltrative
cauliflower like

56
Q

microscopic of SCC ?

A

keratinization — keratin pearl – horn pearls
intercellular bridge - I desmosomes

57
Q

which cell form keratinization ?

A

normal cell

58
Q

gross of small cell ca ?

A

central/hilar
pale-gray

59
Q

microcopic of small cell ca ?

A

small-oat like
ill-defined border
scant cytoplasm
granular nuclear chromatin - salt & pepper appearance
high mitotic count
absent / inconspicuous Nucleoli

60
Q

bangla of inconspicuous nucleioli ?

61
Q

rosettes of small cell ca ?

A

cells are organized into cords , sheets , aggregates , ribbons — small bllod v forming pseudoR

62
Q

types of rosette ?

A

homer wright R
perivascular pseudo R
flexner-wintersteiner R
true ependymal synaptophysin

63
Q

R vs Pseudo R ?>

64
Q

PseudoR arrnagement ?

A

perivascular
radial arrangement of neoplastic cells

65
Q

endocrine–paraneoplastic syndrome related to lung ca ?

A

SIADH
cushing syndrome
hypercalcaemia
hypocalcaemia
gynaecomastia
carcinoid syndrome

66
Q

neurological paraneoplastic syndrome ?

A

lambert eaton myasthenic syndorme
peripheral neuropathy
myelopathy

67
Q

other paraneoplastic syndrome ?

A

digital clubbing
nephrotic syndrome
acanthosis nigricans

68
Q

sputum VS sliva ?????????//

A

sputum - alveolar macrophage
saliva - buccal epithelial cells

69
Q

how bronchial biopsy ?

A

histopathology

70
Q

lab dx of lung cancer ?

71
Q

for malignant check
which cytology ??

A

bronchoalveolar levage
bronchial brush cytology

72
Q

FNAC type ?

73
Q

histopathology example ?

A

bronchoscopic biopsy
lobectomy
thoracic surgery

74
Q

IHC for SCC

75
Q

IHC Small cell ca ?

76
Q

IHC for adenocarcinoma ?

A

TTFF1
Nepsin A

77
Q

function of IHC ?

A

type differentiate

78
Q

when USG guided FNAC ?

A

Big lesions

79
Q

when CT guided FNAC ?

A

small lesions
/
hilar lesions close to apex

80
Q

bronchial brush cytology type ?

A

abrasive cytology

81
Q

MT >10mm ?

A

posiitive reaction

82
Q

MT <6mm = ?

A

negative reaction

83
Q

when doubtful reaction ?

84
Q

gene-Xpert time ?

85
Q

why gene-Xpert ?

A

DNA sequence identify

86
Q

clot name of TB ?

A

spider web clot

87
Q

Why caseouc necrosis in TB ?

88
Q

Tuberculin/mantoux test result when ?

A

2-4 weeks after infection

89
Q

Micro of stage- 1 in pneumonia ?

A

vascular engorgment
+
intraalveolar fluid + neutrophills

90
Q

micro of stage-2 ?

A

vascular engorgememnt
RBC + WBC
alveoli are filled with massive exudation with red cells WBC fibrin

91
Q

micro of stage-3 ?

A

disintegrated red cells
fibrino-suppurative exudates
macrophages

92
Q

stage of resolution micro ?

A

exudate undergoes enzymatic digestion
debris removed by lymphatics

110

93
Q

what is penumoconiosis ??

A

👷‍♂️ Pneumoconiosis = Lung dz due to inhalation of mineral dusts → fibrosis.

🔬 Types:
- Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis 🏭 → carbon dust → macrophage-laden nodules (upper lobes).
- Silicosis ⛏️ → silica exposure (sandblasting, mining) → egg-shell calcifications in hilar nodes, ↑ TB risk.
- Asbestosis 🚢 → shipyard, construction → pleural plaques, ferruginous bodies 🩸 (golden-brown).
- Berylliosis 🏭 → aerospace industry → non-caseating granulomas (like sarcoidosis).

📋 Dx: CXR, PFTs (restrictive pattern), lung biopsy.
💊 Tx: Supportive (O₂, steroids), avoid exposure.

@usmlereviews

94
Q

pathogenesis of empohysema ?

95
Q

deficiency of alpha1 anti=T cause ?

A

neutrophil elastas einc++++++++++++
tissue damage

96
Q

restrictive lung d ?

A

reduced expansion of lung parenchyma
dec total lung capacity

103

97
Q

when hoarness of voice in lung camcer ?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion

98
Q

dysphagia in lung ca >

A

esophageal invasion

99
Q

homer syndrome when ?

A

sympathetic ganglia invasion

100
Q

emphysema theke kon major disease >

101
Q

Chronic bronchitis ?

A

persistant cough with sputum production
for atleast 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years

Pathology-Medical-Prof (35 decks)

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