Inflammation

Question 1

Inflammation definiton ?

Answer 1

response of vascularized tissues that delivers leukocytes and molecules of host defence from the circulation to the sites of infection and cell damage in order to eliminate the offending agents

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Question 2

can inflammation occure in avascular tissue ??

Answer 2

cornea
=keratitis

Question 3

Bad effect of inflammation ?

Answer 3

1. hypersensitivity
2. allergy
3. autoimmune disease
4. rheumatoid arthritis
5. atherosclerosis

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Question 4

Cardinal signs of inflammation ?

Answer 4

1. rubor=Redness
2. tumor=swelling
3. calor =heat
4. dolor =pain
5. functio laesa /loss of function

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Question 5

Pathogenesis of cardinal features ?

Answer 5

1. Rubor=Vasodilation=Histamine & NO=Redness=Hyperamia
   2.Tumor=Swelling=Exudation =Edema=Extravascular accumulation of fluid=inc granulation tissue
   3.Calor=Heat=Inc blood flow
   4.Dolor=Pain=sweeling & edema=compress nerve ending
   5.Function laesa =pain & tissue destruction =fibroplasia & metaplasia

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Question 6

Inflammation classification ?

Answer 6

1.Acute inflammation
=serous i
=fibrinous i
=purulent i
=ulcer

2.Chronic inflmmation
=chronic specific
=chronic non-specific

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Question 7

Acute inflammation definiton ?

Answer 7

the initial rapid response to infection & tissue damage is AI

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Question 8

Causes of Acute inflammation ?

Answer 8

1. Infection
2. Immune response
3. Ischemia
4. Trauma
5. tissue necrosis
6. foreign bodies

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Question 9

Componenets of Acute inflammation ?

Answer 9

1. Dilatation of blood vessels
2. inc blood flow
3. inc permeability of microvasculature
4. plasma protein and leukocyte leave the circulation
5. Emigration of leukocyte from the microcirculation
6. Leukocytes accumulate in the focus of injury

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Question 10

Cells of AI?

Answer 10

1. Polymorphoneuclear leokocyte-Neutrophil
2. Macrophage
3. Eosinophil
4. Leukocyte

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Question 11

Fates/Outcome of Acute Inflammation ??

Answer 11

1. Complete resolution
   =removal of cellular debris & microbs by macrophage
   =resorption of edema fluid by lymphatics

2.Healing by connective tissue replacement
=Scarring & Fibrosis

3.Progression to chronic inflammtion

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Question 12

Morphological types of AI ?

Answer 12

1. Serous Inflamamtion
   =pleural & pericardial effusion , ascites
   =exudation of cell poor fluid into spaces created by cell injury /body cavities

2.Fibrinous inflammation
=Pricarditis,Meningitis
=vascular leaks are large to pass Large molecules

3.Purulent inflammation
=Abscess,Boil
=Production of pus/purulent exudates
=Abscess —- localized collections of pus

4.Ulcers
=local defect/excavation of the surface of an organ/tissue that is produced by sloughing /shedding of inflammed necrotic tissue
=Peptic ,stomach,duodenum

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Question 13

Whicha acute inflammation is more complicated ?

Answer 13

Fibrinous inflammation

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Question 14

Events of ACute inflammtion ??

Answer 14

1. Vascular events
2. Cellular events

Question 15

Vascular events of Acute Inflammation ?

Answer 15

1. Transient vasoconstriction
2. Persistent vasodilation of arterioles
   =vasodilation
   =Histamine + NO
   =inc blood flow
   =Rubor & Calor
   3.Inc vascular permeability of the microvasculature
   4.Slowing of blood flow -Stasis
   =Combined Vasodilation +Inc vascular permeability

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Question 16

Inc vascular permeability-Mechanism ?

Answer 16

1. Contraction of endothelial cells
   =inc gap between endothelial cells
   =most common & rapidly/immediatley
   =Histamine+Bradykinin+Leukotriens

2.Endothelial injury
=direct damage to endothelium
=burn-toxin-mirobes
=necrosis and detachement

3.Leukocyte mediated endothelial injury-
=Leukocyte adhere to the endothelium and release proteolytic enzyems

4.Transcytosis
=Transport of fluid and proteins through the endothelial cells
=Vascular endothelial growth factor-VEGF

5.leakage from new blood vessels