Heart + Blood Vessels

Question 1

intermediate grade tumors of bllod vessels

Answer 1

kaposi sarcoma
hemangioendothelioma

Question 2

malignant tumor of blood vessels ?

Answer 2

angio-sarcoma
hemangio-pericytoma
23

Question 3

benign blood v tumor ?

Answer 3

hemangioma
lymphangioma
glomus tumor
vascular ectasia

Question 4

hemangioma types ?

Answer 4

capillary-cavernous H
pyogenic granuloma

Question 5

lymphangioma types ?

Answer 5

simple/capillary
cavernous L==== cystic hygroma

Question 6

vascular ectasia type ?

Answer 6

nervus flammeus
spider telangiectasia
osler weber rendu D

Question 7

Arteriosclerosis defiantion ?

Answer 7

hardening of the arteries
arterial wall thickening
loss of elastacity

27

10-2-25
8.34PM

Question 8

Arteriosclerosis types ?

Answer 8

aretriolosclerosis
monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
atherosclerosis

Question 9

sites of atherosclerosis?

Answer 9

ACP-DIC
abdominal aorta
coronary artery
popliteal a
descending thoracic a
internal; carotid a
circle of willis
28

Question 10

atherosclerosis def ?

Answer 10

pattern of vascular d
chaarcterized by
intimal lesions called - atheroma + atheromatous = atherosclerotic plaque
that protrude into & obstruct vascular lumen
weaken the underlying tunica media

27

Question 11

atheromatous plaque def ?

Answer 11

a fully developed atherosclerotic lesion

Question 12

microscopic of plaque ?

Answer 12

4 content
ECM
cells
calcification
intra& extracellular lipid

Question 13

type of calcification in plaque >

Answer 13

dystrophic

Question 14

cells seen in micrsocopic view of plaque >

Answer 14

SMC
macrophage
T lymphocyte

Question 15

ECM content ?

Answer 15

collagen
elastic fibre

Question 16

what is foam cells ?

Answer 16

lipid laden macrophage +
lipid laden smooth muscle cells

30

Question 17

earliest lesion of atherosclerosis?

Answer 17

fatty streaks

Question 18

what is fatty streaks ?

Answer 18

lipid filled foamy macrophage -
small flat yelloe=w macules ————– coalesce into elongated streaks 1 cm long

31

Question 19

risk factors of atherosclerosis ?

Answer 19

31

Question 20

non-modifiable factors ?

Answer 20

31

Question 21

pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

Answer 21

32

Question 22

modifiable risk factors name >

Answer 22

31

Question 23

pathogenesis ?

Answer 23

endothelial injury + dysfunction
accumulation of lipoprotein
monocyte adhesion to the endothelium
platelet adhesion
factor release – P= Macrophage = SMC proliferation
ECM production
li[pid accumulation
calcification

Question 24

IHD def ?

Answer 24

51

Question 25

Acute coronary syndrome ?

Answer 25

unstable angina Acute MI sudden cardiac death

Question 26

types of IHD ?

Answer 26

angina MI SSudden cardiac death chronic IHD with HF

Question 27

angina pectoris ?? Def

Answer 27

53

Question 28

risk factors of MI ?

Answer 28

52

Question 29

Angina types ?

Answer 29

54

Question 30

MI def ?

Answer 30

death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia

Question 31

MI pattern ?

Answer 31

transmural sub-endocardial multifocal multiinfarction 54

Question 32

Transmural extent >

Answer 32

full /nearly full thickness

Question 33

subendocardial MI extent >

Answer 33

inner 1/3 atleast 1/2 of the ventricular wall

Question 34

vegetative heart disease ?

Answer 34

RF RHD infective endocarditis non-infected vegetations NBTE endocarditis of SLE = Libman sacks D

Question 35

what is vegetation ?

Answer 35

it is a complex of Organism + Thrombotic debris resulting form colonization/invasion of -- heart valve / mural endocardium by microbe 63

Question 36

complications of MI ?

Answer 36

Cardiogenic shock thromboembolism LVF contractile dysfunction arrthymia Myocardial rupture mural thrombi pericarditis ventricular aneurysm papillary muscle dysfunction progressive late HF 60

Question 37

CBC of MI ?

Answer 37

raised ESR CRP neutrophilic leukocytosis

Question 38

why biomedical enzyme in MI ?

Answer 38

MI=necrosis = membrane damage == cardiac enzyme leak

Question 39

CKMB full form ?

Answer 39

creatinine kinase MB

Question 40

CKMB site ?

Answer 40

heart muscle cells

Question 41

Troponin I rise peak remain elevated ?

Answer 41

2-4hr 48hr 7-10 day 14.3.2025 11.24PM

Question 42

LDH rise peak elevated?

Answer 42

24 hr 3-6day end of 2nd week

Question 43

LDH full form ?

Answer 43

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 44

AST peak rise remain elevated?

Answer 44

12hr 24-48hr 3-4 day

Question 45

CK-MB P-R-E ?

Answer 45

2-4hr 24hr 72hr 59

Question 46

AST full form ?

Answer 46

Aspartate amino-transferase

Question 47

earliest cardiac marker ?

Answer 47

myoglobin

Question 48

which one detect reinfection in MI ?

Answer 48

CK-MB

Question 49

most sensitive & specific ?

Answer 49

Troponin- I

Question 50

Hallmark of irreversible cell injury >

Answer 50

MEMBRANE leakage

Question 51

ECG chnages in MI ?

Answer 51

ST segment elevation pathological Q wave formation T wave inversion 58

Question 52

criteria of Dx of RF ?

Answer 52

migratory polyarthritis pancarditis subcutaneous nodules erythema marginatum syndenham chorea

Question 52

criteria name of RF ?

Answer 52

jones criteria

Question 52

pathogenesis of RF ?

Answer 52

66

Question 53

minor manifestations ?

Answer 53

fever arthalgia raised ESR raised ASO titer CRP leukocytosis previous RF

Question 53

Anitsckow cells ?

Answer 53

abundant cytoplasm central round to ovoid nuclei \ chromatin is condensed in a central slender ribbon like ---- caterpiller cell -10-2-2025 10.43 PM

Question 53

What is aschoff nodules ?

Answer 53

focal inflammatory lesions

Question 53

pathognomonic of rf ?

Answer 53

anitsckow cells

Question 54

aschoff bodies content ?????

Answer 54

fragmented collagen fibrinoid material foci of lymphocytes plasma cells plump actiavted macrophage - anitsckow cell

Question 55

other features of RF <

Answer 55

pancarditis necrotic foci - vegetations - sterile vegatations - verrucae subendocardial lesions induced --- irregular MacCallum plaque LA