Heart + Blood Vessels Flashcards
intermediate grade tumors of bllod vessels
kaposi sarcoma
hemangioendothelioma
malignant tumor of blood vessels ?
angio-sarcoma
hemangio-pericytoma
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benign blood v tumor ?
hemangioma
lymphangioma
glomus tumor
vascular ectasia
hemangioma types ?
capillary-cavernous H
pyogenic granuloma
lymphangioma types ?
simple/capillary
cavernous L==== cystic hygroma
vascular ectasia type ?
nervus flammeus
spider telangiectasia
osler weber rendu D
Arteriosclerosis defiantion ?
hardening of the arteries
arterial wall thickening
loss of elastacity
27
10-2-25
8.34PM
Arteriosclerosis types ?
aretriolosclerosis
monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
atherosclerosis
sites of atherosclerosis?
ACP-DIC
abdominal aorta
coronary artery
popliteal a
descending thoracic a
internal; carotid a
circle of willis
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atherosclerosis def ?
pattern of vascular d
chaarcterized by
intimal lesions called - atheroma + atheromatous = atherosclerotic plaque
that protrude into & obstruct vascular lumen
weaken the underlying tunica media
27
atheromatous plaque def ?
a fully developed atherosclerotic lesion
microscopic of plaque ?
4 content
ECM
cells
calcification
intra& extracellular lipid
type of calcification in plaque >
dystrophic
cells seen in micrsocopic view of plaque >
SMC
macrophage
T lymphocyte
ECM content ?
collagen
elastic fibre
what is foam cells ?
lipid laden macrophage +
lipid laden smooth muscle cells
30
earliest lesion of atherosclerosis?
fatty streaks
what is fatty streaks ?
lipid filled foamy macrophage -
small flat yelloe=w macules ————– coalesce into elongated streaks 1 cm long
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risk factors of atherosclerosis ?
31
non-modifiable factors ?
31
pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?
32
modifiable risk factors name >
31
pathogenesis ?
endothelial injury + dysfunction
accumulation of lipoprotein
monocyte adhesion to the endothelium
platelet adhesion
factor release – P= Macrophage = SMC proliferation
ECM production
li[pid accumulation
calcification
IHD def ?
51
Acute coronary syndrome ?
unstable angina
Acute MI
sudden cardiac death
types of IHD ?
angina
MI
SSudden cardiac death
chronic IHD with HF
angina pectoris ?? Def
53
risk factors of MI ?
52
Angina types ?
54
MI def ?
death of cardiac muscle
due to prolonged ischemia
MI pattern ?
transmural
sub-endocardial
multifocal multiinfarction
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Transmural extent >
full /nearly full thickness
subendocardial MI extent >
inner 1/3
atleast 1/2 of the ventricular wall
vegetative heart disease ?
RF
RHD
infective endocarditis
non-infected vegetations
NBTE
endocarditis of SLE = Libman sacks D
what is vegetation ?
it is a complex of Organism + Thrombotic debris
resulting form
colonization/invasion
of – heart valve / mural endocardium by microbe
63
complications of MI ?
Cardiogenic shock
thromboembolism
LVF
contractile dysfunction
arrthymia
Myocardial rupture
mural thrombi
pericarditis
ventricular aneurysm
papillary muscle dysfunction
progressive late HF
60
CBC of MI ?
raised ESR
CRP
neutrophilic leukocytosis
why biomedical enzyme in MI ?
MI=necrosis = membrane damage == cardiac enzyme leak
CKMB full form ?
creatinine kinase MB
CKMB site ?
heart muscle cells
Troponin I rise peak remain elevated ?
2-4hr
4-8hr
7-10 day
LDH
rise peak elevated?
24 hr
3-6day
end of 2nd week
LDH full form ?
lactate dehydrogenase
AST
peak rise remain elevated?
12hr
24-48hr
3-4 day
CK-MB
P-R-E ?
2-4hr
24hr
72hr
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AST full form ?
Aspartate amino-transferase
earliest cardiac marker ?
myoglobin
which one detect reinfection in MI ?
CK-MB
most sensitive & specific ?
Troponin- I
Hallmark of irreversible cell injury >
MEMBRANE leakage
ECG chnages in MI ?
ST segment elevation
pathological Q wave formation
T wave inversion
58
criteria of Dx of RF ?
migratory polyarthritis
pancarditis
subcutaneous nodules
erythema marginatum
syndenham chorea
criteria name of RF ?
jones criteria
pathogenesis of RF ?
66
minor manifestations ?
fever
arthalgia
raised ESR
raised ASO titer
CRP
leukocytosis
previous RF
Anitsckow cells ?
abundant cytoplasm
central round to ovoid nuclei \
chromatin is condensed in a central slender
ribbon like —- caterpiller cell
-10-2-2025
10.43 PM
What is aschoff nodules ?
focal inflammatory lesions
pathognomonic of rf ?
anitsckow cells
aschoff bodies content ?????
fragmented collagen
fibrinoid material
foci of lymphocytes
plasma cells
plump actiavted macrophage - anitsckow cell
other features of RF <
pancarditis
necrotic foci - vegetations - sterile vegatations - verrucae
subendocardial lesions induced — irregular MacCallum plaque
LA
