Diabetes Mellitus + Blood Glucose Flashcards by Istiak Mahmud Siam

DM defination ?

clinical syndrome
inc plasma blood glucose - hyperglycaemia
absolute/relative deficiency of Insulin

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Type-1 DM ?

beta cell destruction
insulin deficiency

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Type-2 DM ?

beta cell destruction
insulin resistance

427

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fasting blood G level ?

> = 7 mmol/l

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random blood g level ?

> =11 mmol/l

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post prandial blood g level ?

> =11 mmol/l

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S/S of DM ?

polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
tachycardia
weight loss
weakness

428

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normal glycosylated Hb - HbA1c = ??

<5.7%

in D >= 6.5%
pre D 5.7-6.4 %

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what is hyperglycemia ?

inc blood glucose leve;l

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cause of hyperglycemia ?

DM
Pregnancy
impaired glucose tolerance
liver d
pancreatic d
pancreatitis
haemochromatosis
xushing syndrome
acromegaly
pheocromocytoma
thiazide
corticosteroids

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why hypoglycemia more vulnerable ?

CNS - cell death hoy
\
431

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what is hyperglycemia sine glycosuria ?

urine is free from glucose

plasma glucose is above the normal renal threshold for glucose (180mg/dl)

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blood G normal
but glucose in urine ?

renal glycosuria
reverse hyperglycemia sine glycosuria

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glucose = mg/dl
no glycosuria
Dx = ??????

H sine Glycosuria

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Hypoglycemia cause >

D pt taking anti-Diabtic drugs
overdose of sulfonylurease drugs
malnutirtion
malababsortption
insulinoma
addisons disease

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Hypoglycemia bllod glucose level ?

<2.2 mmol/l

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what is Glycosuria ?>

Glucose in urine

how to detect glycosuria ?

Benedicts test

Causes of glycosuria ?

Untreated DM
fanconi syndrome
renal glycosuria === blood glucose level Normal ,,,,, sugar in urine
alimentary / leg storage glycosuria

why sugar is present in urine in renal glycosuria ?

low renal threshoild
\\
<180mg/dl

hyperglycemia absent in ———?

renal glycosuria

transient hyperglycemia in __??

alimentary glycosuria

Alimentary G vs Renal G ??

433

raised renal threshold for glucose in which case >

HF
shock
Na depletion

benedicts test type ?

qualitative

colour interpretation?

BG-YOR - + ++ +++ ++++

Lab Dx of DM ?

OGTT

OGTT Full form ?

oral glucose tolerance test

indication of OGTT in fasting plasma glucose >

6.1-6.9 mmol/l

indication of OGTT in random plasma glucose >

7.8-11 mmol/l

fasting means ?

without regard to time since the last meal

random means ?

no calorie intake for 8 hours at least not more than 16 hrs

Diagnostic criteria for DM ?

429

Confirmation test for DM >

fasting plasma G = FPG random P Glucose = RPG

Impaired glucose tolerance - IGT >> interpretation?

same as OGTT 434

preparatiuon for OGTT ?

434

fasting & 2 hourse after 75 gm glucose load of healthy ??

3.6-6.1 <7.8

fasting & 2 hourse after 75 gm glucose load IN DM >?

>=7 >=11.1

What is HbA1C ?

it is produced by the glycosylation of Hb at a rate proportionate to the glucose conc

HbAC importance ?

provides a accurate + objective measures of glycemic control over a period of weeks to months monitoring and Mx of DM HbAC formation is directly proportionate to blood glucose conc provides index of formation of DM comolications

Procedure of OGTT ?

434

DM complications ?

D retinopathy D nephropathy D neuropathy D ketoacidosis Hypoglycemic coma lactic acidosis D foot disease ulceration autonomic neuropathy 11-2-2025 1.06AM