Diabetes Mellitus + Blood Glucose Flashcards
DM defination ?
clinical syndrome
inc plasma blood glucose - hyperglycaemia
absolute/relative deficiency of Insulin
Type-1 DM ?
beta cell destruction
insulin deficiency
Type-2 DM ?
beta cell destruction
insulin resistance
427
fasting blood G level ?
> = 7 mmol/l
random blood g level ?
> =11 mmol/l
post prandial blood g level ?
> =11 mmol/l
S/S of DM ?
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
tachycardia
weight loss
weakness
428
normal glycosylated Hb - HbA1c = ??
4-6%
what is hyperglycemia ?
inc blood glucose leve;l
cause of hyperglycemia ?
DM
Pregnancy
impaired glucose tolerance
liver d
pancreatic d
pancreatitis
haemochromatosis
xushing syndrome
acromegaly
pheocromocytoma
thiazide
corticosteroids
why hypoglycemia more vulnerable ?
CNS - cell death hoy
\
431
what is hyperglycemia sine glycosuria ?
urine is free from glucose
plasma glucose is above the normal renal threshold for glucose (180mg/dl)
blood G normal
but glucose in urine ?
renal glycosuria
reverse hyperglycemia sine glycosuria
glucose = mg/dl
no glycosuria
Dx = ??????
H sine Glycosuria
Hypoglycemia cause >
D pt taking anti-Diabtic drugs
overdose of sulfonylurease drugs
malnutirtion
malababsortption
insulinoma
addisons disease
Hypoglycemia bllod glucose level ?
<2.2 mmol/l
what is Glycosuria ?>
Glucose in urine
how to detect glycosuria ?
Benedicts test
Causes of glycosuria ?
Untreated DM
fanconi syndrome
renal glycosuria === blood glucose level Normal ,,,,, sugar in urine
alimentary / leg storage glycosuria
why sugar is present in urine in renal glycosuria ?
low renal threshoild
\\
<180mg/dl
hyperglycemia absent in ———?
renal glycosuria
transient hyperglycemia in __??
alimentary glycosuria
Alimentary G vs Renal G ??
433
raised renal threshold for glucose in which case >
HF
shock
Na depletion
benedicts test type ?
qualitative
colour interpretation?
+
++
+++
++++
Lab Dx of DM ?
OGTT
OGTT Full form ?
oral glucose tolerance test
indication of OGTT in fasting plasma glucose >
6.1-6.9 mmol/l
indication of OGTT in random plasma glucose >
7.8-11 mmol/l
fasting means ?
without regard to time since the last meal
random means ?
no calorie intake for 8 hours at least
not more than 16 hrs
Diagnostic criteria for DM ?
429
Confirmation test for DM >
fasting plasma G = FPG
random P Glucose = RPG
Impaired glucose tolerance - IGT»_space; interpretation?
same as OGTT
434
preparatiuon for OGTT ?
434
fasting & 2 hourse after 75 gm glucose load
of healthy ??
3.6-6.1
<7.8
fasting & 2 hourse after 75 gm glucose load
IN DM >?
> =7
=11.1
What is HbA1C ?
it is produced by the glycosylation of Hb at a rate proportionate to the glucose conc
HbAC importance ?
provides a accurate + objective measures of glycemic control over a period of weeks to months
monitoring and Mx of DM
HbAC formation is directly proportionate to blood glucose conc
provides index of formation of DM comolications
Procedure of OGTT ?
434
DM complications ?
D retinopathy
D nephropathy
D neuropathy
D ketoacidosis
Hypoglycemic coma
lactic acidosis
D foot disease
ulceration
autonomic neuropathy
11-2-2025
1.06AM
