Necrosis + Apoptosis

Question 1

Necrosis defination ?

Answer 1

its is pathologic process which is the consequences of severe injury
characterized by
denaturation of cellular protein
leakage of cellular contents through damaged membranes
local inflammation
enzymatic digestion of lethally injured cell

Question 2

basic types of necrosis ?>

Answer 2

coagulative N
liquefactive / colliquative N

Question 3

Special types of N ?

Answer 3

gangrenous
caseous
fibrinoid
fat

Question 4

fat necrosis type >

Answer 4

enzymatic F N
traumatic F N

Question 5

Nuclear changes in Necrosis <

Answer 5

karyolysis
pyknosis
karyorrhexis

Question 6

what is karyolysis >

Answer 6

nuclear fading
basophilia gradually fades
due to dissolution of chromatin by the action of DNA se and RNA ase

Question 7

Pyknosis ??

Answer 7

nuclear shrinkage
inc basophilia

Question 8

Karyorrhexis ??

Answer 8

frafgmentation of pyknotic nuclei

Question 9

cytological changes of n ?

Answer 9

inc eosinophilia = loss RNA
more glassy homogeneous apperance = loss glycogen particles
vaculated & moth-eaten appearance of cytoplasm = loss of organelles

Question 10

inc eosinophilia why ?

Answer 10

loss of RNA

Question 11

inc eosinophilia result ?

Answer 11

pinkl

Question 12

autoluysis >

Answer 12

digestion of cell occurs by own lysosomal enzymes

Question 13

sequele of necrosis in case of small no of cell involvement >?

Answer 13

removed by phagocytosis

Question 14

large no of cell effected result <

Answer 14

inflammatory response
+ organaization
+ fibrous repair

Question 15

cause of gangrene ?

Answer 15

putrefaction

Question 16

examples of Coagulative N ?

Answer 16

ischaemic necrosis of heart
MI
kidney
liver
adrenal gland
gumma of tertiary syphilis

Question 17

localized area of Coagulative N is called <

Answer 17

infract

Question 18

examples of liquefactive N >?

Answer 18

abscess
boil
ischaemic necrosis of brain tissue

Question 18

creamy white necrotic material of liquefactive N is ?

Answer 18

Pus

Question 19

complete loss of cellular architecture in which N >

Answer 19

L N

Question 20

Caseous necrosis example >

Answer 20

granuloma of TB
cat scratch disease

Question 21

fat necrosis by which enzyme ?

Answer 21

lipase

Question 22

traumatic Fat n example >

Answer 22

breast

Question 23

what is ischemic necrosis <

Answer 23

necrosis of the tissue that result from impaired arterial supply or venous drainage from that tissue

Question 24

fat saponification M/A ?

Answer 24

-pancreatic lipase -jay pancreatic tissue te -liquifies fat membrane -triglyceride ester - + Ca - chalky white area

Question 25

Enzymatic F n example >

Answer 25

pancreas + omental tissue in acute pancreatitis

Question 26

fibrinoid necrosis example <

Answer 26

RF RA SLE maliganant HTN vasculitis

Question 27

Coagulative N VS basic cell type >?

Answer 27

necrotic cells lacks of Nucleus

Question 28

pathological cuases of apoptosis >

Answer 28

DNA damage cell death accumulation of misfolded protein pathologic atrophy in parenchymal organs after duct obstruction

Question 29

morphologic features of apoptosis >

Answer 29

cell shrinkage chromatin condensation formation of cytoplasmic blebs & apoptotic bodies

Question 30

apoptosis - defination ?

Answer 30

it is a pathway of cell death induced by tightly regulated suicide program in which cells destined to die activate intrinsic enzymes that degrade the cells genomic DNA and nuclear & cytoplasmic proteins 45

Question 31

initiator caspases ?

Answer 31

C- 8 9 10

Question 32

executioner C ?

Answer 32

3 6`=

Question 33

Apoptosis mechanism ?

Answer 33

51

Question 34

Fas protein name ?

Answer 34

CD95

Question 35

Fas protein activated which caspases ?

Answer 35

8

Question 36

anti-apoptotic molecules ?

Answer 36

BCL-2 BCL-X

Question 37

pro-apoptotic molecules ?

Answer 37

Bak Bax Bim

Question 38

Necrosis VS Apoptosis ?

Answer 38

50

Question 39

Plasma membrane condition in N ?

Answer 39

disrupted

Question 40

inflammation in N ?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

why I in N ?

Answer 41

plasma membran theke cellular contents release

Question 42

plasma membrane in Apoptosis <

Answer 42

intact

Question 43

necroptosis ?

Answer 43

N + A

Question 44

Contents of necroptosis <

Answer 44

morphologically - N \genetically - A

Question 45

Pyroptosis ?

Answer 45

Fever + A

Question 46

Ferroptosis ?

Answer 46

distinct form of cell death triggred by excessive intracellular level of Iron/ROS overwhelm the glutathione dependent anti-oxidant defense uncheked membrane lipid peroxidation

Question 47

example of ferroptosis ?

Answer 47

cancer ' stroke neurodegenerative disease

Question 48

cell size in N ?

Answer 48

enlarged due to swelling

Question 49

wet gangrene when ?

Answer 49

Liquefactive N

Question 50

Dry Gangrene example ?

Answer 50

diabetic gangrene thrombosis embolism raynouds disease ergot poisoning 50

Question 51

zone of Gangrene ?

Answer 51

zone of granulation tissue zone of inflammation zone of separation 50

Question 52

gangrene defination >??

Answer 52

it is microscopic death (necrosis) of tissue with superadded + Putrefaction

Question 53

Types of gangrene ?

Answer 53

wet dry gas - clostridial