Necrosis + Apoptosis Flashcards
Necrosis defination ?
its is pathologic process which is the consequences of severe injury
characterized by
denaturation of cellular protein
leakage of cellular contents through damaged membranes
local inflammation
enzymatic digestion of lethally injured cell
basic types of necrosis ?>
coagulative N
liquefactive / colliquative N
Special types of N ?
gangrenous
caseous
fibrinoid
fat
fat necrosis type >
enzymatic F N
traumatic F N
Nuclear changes in Necrosis <
karyolysis
pyknosis
karyorrhexis
what is karyolysis >
nuclear fading
basophilia gradually fades
due to dissolution of chromatin by the action of DNA se and RNA ase
Pyknosis ??
nuclear shrinkage
inc basophilia
Karyorrhexis ??
frafgmentation of pyknotic nuclei
cytological changes of n ?
inc eosinophilia = loss RNA
more glassy homogeneous apperance = loss glycogen particles
vaculated & moth-eaten appearance of cytoplasm = loss of organelles
inc eosinophilia why ?
loss of RNA
inc eosinophilia result ?
pinkl
autoluysis >
digestion of cell occurs by own lysosomal enzymes
sequele of necrosis in case of small no of cell involvement >?
removed by phagocytosis
large no of cell effected result <
inflammatory response
+ organaization
+ fibrous repair
cause of gangrene ?
putrefaction
examples of Coagulative N ?
ischaemic necrosis of heart
MI
kidney
liver
adrenal gland
gumma of tertiary syphilis
localized area of Coagulative N is called <
infract
examples of liquefactive N >?
abscess
boil
ischaemic necrosis of brain tissue
creamy white necrotic material of liquefactive N is ?
Pus
complete loss of cellular architecture in which N >
L N
Caseous necrosis example >
granuloma of TB
cat scratch disease
fat necrosis by which enzyme ?
lipase
traumatic Fat n example >
breast
what is ischemic necrosis <
necrosis of the tissue that result from impaired arterial supply or venous drainage from that tissue
fat saponification M/A ?
-pancreatic lipase
-jay pancreatic tissue te
-liquifies fat membrane
-triglyceride ester
- + Ca
- chalky white area
Enzymatic F n example >
pancreas + omental tissue
in acute pancreatitis
fibrinoid necrosis example <
RF
RA
SLE
maliganant HTN
vasculitis
Coagulative N VS basic cell type >?
necrotic cells lacks of Nucleus
pathological cuases of apoptosis >
DNA damage
cell death
accumulation of misfolded protein
pathologic atrophy in parenchymal organs after duct obstruction
morphologic features of apoptosis >
cell shrinkage
chromatin condensation
formation of cytoplasmic blebs & apoptotic bodies
apoptosis - defination ?
it is a pathway of cell death
induced by
tightly regulated suicide program
in which cells destined to die activate intrinsic enzymes
that degrade the cells genomic DNA and nuclear & cytoplasmic proteins
45
initiator caspases ?
C- 8 9 10
executioner C ?
3 6`=
Apoptosis mechanism ?
51
Fas protein name ?
CD95
Fas protein activated which caspases ?
8
anti-apoptotic molecules ?
BCL-2
BCL-X
pro-apoptotic molecules ?
Bak
Bax
Bim
Necrosis VS Apoptosis ?
50
Plasma membrane condition in N ?
disrupted
inflammation in N ?
yes
why I in N ?
plasma membran theke cellular contents release
plasma membrane in Apoptosis <
intact
necroptosis ?
N + A
Contents of necroptosis <
morphologically - N
\genetically - A
Pyroptosis ?
Fever + A
Ferroptosis ?
distinct form of cell death
triggred by excessive intracellular level of Iron/ROS
overwhelm the glutathione dependent anti-oxidant defense
uncheked membrane lipid peroxidation
example of ferroptosis ?
cancer ‘
stroke
neurodegenerative disease
cell size in N ?
enlarged
due to
swelling
wet gangrene when ?
Liquefactive N
Dry Gangrene example ?
diabetic gangrene
thrombosis
embolism
raynouds disease
ergot poisoning
50
zone of Gangrene ?
zone of granulation tissue
zone of inflammation
zone of separation
50
gangrene defination >??
it is microscopic death (necrosis) of tissue with superadded + Putrefaction
Types of gangrene ?
wet
dry
gas - clostridial
