Tissue Nematodes - WUCHERERIA AND BRUGIA

Question 1

Most debilitating nematode infection

Farmer from ABACA plantation - usual scenario

Answer 1

Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi

• mosquito bite
• 3rd stage larvae (L3)

Question 2

MORE SEVERE

HYDROCELE

Smoothly curved

scrotal lymphatics - preference

Answer 2

Wuchereria bancrofti

• absent terminal nucleus
• CULEX, AEDES, ANOPHELES - VECTORS
• WIDESPREAD

Question 3

LESS SEVERE

Elephantiasis

Kinky

Answer 3

Brugia malayi

• present terminal nuclei
• SEA only
• MANSONIA - vector

Question 4

Diagnostic test for filariasis

Answer 4

THICK BLOOD SMEAR - curved or kinky microfilariae

• specimen collection best done AT NIGHT b/w 8 PM and 4 AM - NOCTURNAL PERIODICITY
• MICROFILARIAE (L1)

Question 5

Pathogenesis of filariasis

Answer 5

adult worms in the lymph nodes – inflammation – lymphatic obstruction – LYMPHEDEMA

Question 6

ACUTE DISEASE

Answer 6

acute adenolymphangitis
filarial fever
nocturnal wheezing (TROPICAL PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA)
*small epithelioid granulomas (MEYERS+KOUWENAAR BODIES)

EXPATRIATE SYNDROME

Question 7

CHRONIC DISEASE

Answer 7

hydrocele
elephantiasis
chyluria (milky urine)

Question 8

Morbid gross enlargement of limbs, breasts and genitalia that occurs in a chronic infection

Answer 8

ELEPHANTIASIS

*immunopathologic response to the mature or dying adult worms in lymph tissus

Question 9

Treatment for Filariasis

Answer 9

Diethylcarbamazine