Blood and Tissue Protozoa - T. BRUCEI

Question 1

Blood and tissue protozoan

2 FORMS

• Epimastigote
• Trypomastigote

exhibit remarkable ANTIGENIC VARIATION of their surface glycoproteins

Answer 1

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 2

Transmission of T. brucei

Answer 2

TSETSE FLY (GLOSSINA)
*PAINFUL bite

Question 3

infective state of T. brucei

Answer 3

Metacyclic trypomastigote (Epimastigote)

Question 4

AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS/AFRICAN SLEEPING DISEASE

Answer 4

initial lesion: indurated skin ulcer (TRYPANOSOMAL CHANCRE) at the site of the fly bite

CYCLICAL FEVER SPIKE (~2 weeks) occurs that is related to ANTIGENIC VARIATION

Winterbottom’s sign
Kerandel’s sign

demyelinating encephalitis – excessive somnolence
*MORULA CELLS OF MOTT - plasma cells w/ cytoplasmic immunoglobulin globules

Question 5

enlargement of the posterior cervical lymph node

Answer 5

WINTERBOTTOM SIGN

Question 6

deep hyperaesthesia

Answer 6

KERANDEL SIGN

Question 7

Trypanosoma brucei GAMBIENSE

causes the disease along the water courses in WEST AFRICA

Answer 7

LOW GRADE CHRONIC COURSE

GLOSSINA PALPALIS (RIVERINE TSETSE)

STAGE 1
*Pentamidine

STAGE 2
*Eflornithine

Question 8

Trypanosoma brucei RHODESIENSE

found in the ARID regions of EAST Africa

Answer 8

MORE ACUTE, RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DISEASE

GLOSSINA MORSITANS (SAVANNAH TSETSE)

Suramin (clear parasitemia)
Melarsoprol

Question 9

Treatment of African Sleeping Sickness

Answer 9

SURAMIN - for bloodborne disease

MELARSOPROL - for CNS penetration