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Microbiology > GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI > Flashcards

GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

encapsulated

ferments MALTOSE and GLUCOSE

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

insignificant capsule
ferments GLUCOSE
(+) PILI

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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3
Q

Gram stain of synovial fluid from the knee of a 20/F w/ suspected bacterial arthritis reveals gram (-) diplococci. To isolate the Neisseria gonorrhea, the specimen should be plated on which of the ff

a. Chocolate agar
b. Thayer Martin medium
c. Chocolated agar enriched w/ factors X and V
d. in an armadillo

A

Chocolate Agar

-used in STERILE clinical specimen (blood, synovial fluid, CSF)

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4
Q

An antibiotic containing selective medium used for UNSTERILE specimens (urethral, endocervical).

A

Thayer Martin Agar
-Mueller-Hinton agar w/ 5% chocolate sheep blood PLUS the ff antibiotics:

VPN

Vancomycin - (-) gram POSITIVE

Polymyxin - (-) gram NEGATIVE EXCEPT Neisseria
*can be replaced by COLISTIN or TRIMETHOPRIM

Nystatin - (-) FUNGI

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5
Q

Promote PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

Capsule

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6
Q

Modulate ATTACHMENT of gonococci to nonciliated EPITHELIAL cell

Prevent ingestion and killing of gonococci by neutrophils

A

Pili

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7
Q

Confer RESISTANCE to serum killing of gonococci by preventing fusion of phagolysome in neutrophils

A

Por proteins

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8
Q

Mediate bacterial ADHERENCE to each other and to the eukaryotic cells

A

Opa proteins

results in OPAQUE proteins

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9
Q

Produce ANTIBODIES that block serum bactericidal activity against gonococci

A

Rmp proteins

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10
Q

Possesses ENDOTOXIC activity of the bacteria

A

Lipo-oligosaccharide

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11
Q

DESTROYS IgA immunoglobulin

A

IgA protease

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12
Q

Degrades beta lactam rings in the penicillin

A

Beta-lactamase

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13
Q

Plasmid-borne virulence determinants are associated w/ antimicrobial resistance

A

Plasmids

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14
Q

Spectrum of Disease (Neisseria gonorrhea) - LOCALIZED

A

OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM
-purulent conjunctivitis in newborn

GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS

  • urethritis and epididymitis in men
  • MCC of urethritis

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

  • MCC
  • Complications
  • sterility
  • ectopic pregnancy
  • chronic pelvic pain
  • dyspareunia
  • FITZ HUGH CURTIS SYNDROME (perihepatitis) - violin string adhesion
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15
Q

Spectrum of Disease (Neisseria gonorrhea) - DISSEMINATED

A

Septic arthritis - MCC in sexually active adults

arthritis, tenosynovitis or pustules

MONOARTICULAR PAIN

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16
Q

26 y/o male
(+) burning w/ urination, penile discharge and intermittent fever

urethral smear: (+) gram (-) diplococci w/n WBC

grows well in Thayer-Martin agar

patient prescribed a course of Ceftriaxone and infection resolves w/o further complication

One year later, the patient returns w/ the same infection.

Which of the ff best explains this lack of lasting immunity

a. antigenic variation
b. polysaccharide capsule
c. brutons agammaglobulinemia
d. lack of necessary vaccination
e. HIV infection

A

ANTIGENIC VARIATION

PILI - mediate initial attachment to host cells

MEMBRANE PROTEIN - for closer attachment – phagocytosis

lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS)

17
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

12 strains

serotypes A, B and C

B - most common

NASOPHARYNX

18
Q

Fever, headache, stiff neck and increased level of PMNs in spinal fluid

A

MENINGITIS - MCC among aged 2-18 years

Kernig sign - patient supine, with HIP FLEXED 90 degrees. Knee cannot be fully extended

Brudzinki sign (Neck Rigidity) - passive flexion of NECK causes flexion of both legs and thighs

19
Q

Dissemination of meningococcemia into the bloodstream

A

MENINGOCOCCEMIA

  • multiorgan disease
  • consumptive coagulopathy
  • PETECHIAL OR PURPURIC RASH (purpura fulminans)
20
Q

Most severe form of meningococcemia

A

WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME

  • high fever, shock, widespread purpura, DIC, thrombocytopenia and ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
  • bilateral hemorrhagic destruction of adrenal glands
  • hyponatremia
  • hypercalcemia
  • hypoglycemia
21
Q

Which of the ff virulence factors allows adherence of bacteria of bacteria to the mucous membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary and GIT?

a. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin
b. Hyaluronidase
c. Coagulase
d. IgA protease

A

IgA protease

  • cleaves IgA at certain proline bonds in the hinge region
  • allows bacteria to adhere to mucous membranes
22
Q

Which capsular type of Neisseria meningitides lacks immunogenicity even w/ protein conjugation hence NOT included in the vaccine

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. Y
e. W-135

A

B

23
Q

In a patient infected w/ Neisseria meningitidis presenting w/ hemorrhagic adrenalitis

A

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen

Microbiology (106 decks)

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