Bacteria Generalities Flashcards
Gram Negative Components
Peptidoglycan - thinner
LPS (endotoxin)
Periplasmic space
Component of Gram (-) Bacteria Cell Wall
Lipid A - induces TNF and IL 1; structure - beta-hydroxymyristic acid
Core oligosaccharide
O polysaccharide
Gram Positive Components
Peptidoglycan - thicker
All bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan EXCEPT
Mycoplasma
All gram (+) have NO endotoxin EXCEPT
Listeria monocytogenes
Lysozymes are enzymes that kill bacteria by cleaving
B 1-4 glycosidic bond b/w NAG and NAM
Gram Staining
V - Violet
I - Iodine
A - Alcohol/Acetone
S - Safranin
Bacteria NOT seen in Gram stain
Mycobacteria
Spirochetes
Mycoplasma spp
Ureaplasma spp
Legionella spp
Chlamydiae
Rickettsiae
Bartonella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia
Essential Components of Bacteria
Cell wall
Cytoplasmic membrane
Ribosome
Nucleoid
Mesosome
Periplasm
Non Essential Components of Bacteria
Capsule
Pilus or Fimbria
Glycocalyx
Flagellum
Spore
Plasmid
Granule
All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide EXCEPT
Bacillus anthracis (polypeptide of D-glutamate)
Obligate Aerobes
Nocardia
Neisseria
Pseudomonas
Mycobacteria
Bordetella/Brucella/B. cereus
Legionella
Obligate Anaerobes
Clostridium
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium
Actinomyces
DNA transfer between cells
Conjugation
Transduction
Transformation
Transposition
All exotoxins are HEAT labile EXCEPT
Staphylococcal enterotoxin
