NONSPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE RODS Flashcards
aerobic
nonmotile
curved, comma shaped
chinese characters
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Loeffler’s bacillus)
- w/ VOLUTIN granules
aerobic
curved
TUMBLING MOTILITY
Listeria monocytogenes
Culture for Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Potassium tellurite - dark black colonies
2 subunits of the exotoxin found in Corynebacterium diphtheriae
subunit A - (-) EF2 by adding ribose
*has ADP-ribosylating activity
subunit B - binds to the toxin cell surface; causes heart and neuro involvement
ABCDEFG of Diphtheria
ADP-Ribosylation Beta-prophage Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Elongation Factor 2 Granules (metachromatic)
ABCDE of beta-prophage-encoded toxins
shigA-like toxin (EHEC) Botulinum toxin Cholera toxin Diphtheria toxin Erythrogenic toxin (S. pyogenes)
Demonstration of TOXIN production in diphtheria
ELEK TEST
Assess immunity in diphtheria
SCHICK TEST
Patient infected w/ which of the ff microorganisms will present w/ abnormal ECG changes (RBBB/LBBB), seizures, “pins and needles” symptoms and formation of pseudomembrane?
A. Clostridium spp
B. Corynebacterium
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Actinomyces israelli
B. Corynebacterium
Spectrum of Disease (Diphtheria)
prominent, thick, gray PSEUDOMEMBRANES over tonsils and throats
COMPLICATIONS:
airway obstruction
myocarditis - AV conduction block, dysrhythmia
neural involvement - peripheral nerve palsies, GBS, palatal paralysis, neuropathies, cranial nerve and/or muscle paralysis
Contributes to the virulence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Elongation Factor
Which of the ff is the MOST LIKELY cause of the “bull neck” appearance in diphtheria?
A. swollen cervical lymph nodes
B. enlarged tonsils
C. laryngeal inflammation
D. all of the above
A. swollen cervical lymph nodes
Injection of diphtheria exotoxin into the skin to determine whether a person is SUSCPETIBLE to infection by diphtheriae
Schick test
tumbling motility
umbrella growth pattern
Listeria monocytogenes
The ONLY gram (+) w/ ENDOTOXIN
Listeria monocytogenes
psychrophile - refrigerator bacteria
MCC of meningitis in NEONATES
Listeria monocytogenes
Interacts w/ E-cadherin on the surface of the cells
internalin
Escape from phagosomes
listeriolysin
Propels the bacteria through the membrane of one human cell and into another
actin rockets (actin polymers)
Transplacental transmission
LATE MISCARRIAGE or birth complicated by sepsis, multiorgan abscesses and disseminated granulomas
Early Onset Neonatal Listeriosis (GRANULOMATOSIS INFANTISEPTICA)
Transmitted during CHILDBIRTH and manifests as MENINGITIS or MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
Late-Onset Neonatal Listeriosis
Bacteremia, sepsis or meningitis in pregnant, elderly or immunocompromised individuals
Adult Listeriosis
Club shaped gram (+) rod that cause disease by producing EXOTOXIN that kills cells by (-) EF-2 resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Movement of Listeria monocytogenes inside of host cells is caused by
A. inducing host cell actin polymerization
B. The formation of pili (fimbriae) on the listeriae surface
C. Pseudopod formation
D. The motion of listeria flagella
E. Tumbling motility
A. inducing host cell actin polymerization
8 y/o boy develops severe sore throat.
(+) grayish exudate (pseudomembranes) in tonsils and pharynx
Cause is most likely d.t.
A. gram (-) bacillus
B. single stranded positive sense RNA virus
C. catalase (+) gram (+) coccus that occurs in clusters
D. club shaped gram (+) bacillus
R. double stranded RNA virus
D. club shaped gram (+) bacillus
inactivation of elongation factor 2
