NONSPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE RODS

Question 1

aerobic
nonmotile
curved, comma shaped
chinese characters

Answer 1

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Loeffler’s bacillus)

• w/ VOLUTIN granules

Question 2

aerobic
curved
TUMBLING MOTILITY

Answer 2

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 3

Culture for Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 3

Potassium tellurite - dark black colonies

Question 4

2 subunits of the exotoxin found in Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 4

subunit A - (-) EF2 by adding ribose
*has ADP-ribosylating activity

subunit B - binds to the toxin cell surface; causes heart and neuro involvement

Question 5

ABCDEFG of Diphtheria

Answer 5

ADP-Ribosylation
Beta-prophage
Corynebacterium
Diphtheriae
Elongation Factor 2
Granules (metachromatic)

Question 6

ABCDE of beta-prophage-encoded toxins

Answer 6

shigA-like toxin (EHEC)
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Erythrogenic toxin (S. pyogenes)

Question 7

Demonstration of TOXIN production in diphtheria

Answer 7

ELEK TEST

Question 8

Assess immunity in diphtheria

Answer 8

SCHICK TEST

Question 9

Patient infected w/ which of the ff microorganisms will present w/ abnormal ECG changes (RBBB/LBBB), seizures, “pins and needles” symptoms and formation of pseudomembrane?

A. Clostridium spp
B. Corynebacterium
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Actinomyces israelli

Answer 9

B. Corynebacterium

Question 10

Spectrum of Disease (Diphtheria)

Answer 10

prominent, thick, gray PSEUDOMEMBRANES over tonsils and throats

COMPLICATIONS:
airway obstruction

myocarditis - AV conduction block, dysrhythmia

neural involvement - peripheral nerve palsies, GBS, palatal paralysis, neuropathies, cranial nerve and/or muscle paralysis

Question 11

Contributes to the virulence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 11

Elongation Factor

Question 12

Which of the ff is the MOST LIKELY cause of the “bull neck” appearance in diphtheria?

A. swollen cervical lymph nodes
B. enlarged tonsils
C. laryngeal inflammation
D. all of the above

Answer 12

A. swollen cervical lymph nodes

Question 13

Injection of diphtheria exotoxin into the skin to determine whether a person is SUSCPETIBLE to infection by diphtheriae

Answer 13

Schick test

Question 14

tumbling motility

umbrella growth pattern

Answer 14

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 15

The ONLY gram (+) w/ ENDOTOXIN

Answer 15

Listeria monocytogenes

psychrophile - refrigerator bacteria

Question 16

MCC of meningitis in NEONATES

Answer 16

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 17

Interacts w/ E-cadherin on the surface of the cells

Answer 17

internalin

Question 18

Escape from phagosomes

Answer 18

listeriolysin

Question 19

Propels the bacteria through the membrane of one human cell and into another

Answer 19

actin rockets (actin polymers)

Question 20

Transplacental transmission

LATE MISCARRIAGE or birth complicated by sepsis, multiorgan abscesses and disseminated granulomas

Answer 20

Early Onset Neonatal Listeriosis (GRANULOMATOSIS INFANTISEPTICA)

Question 21

Transmitted during CHILDBIRTH and manifests as MENINGITIS or MENINGOENCEPHALITIS

Answer 21

Late-Onset Neonatal Listeriosis

Question 22

Bacteremia, sepsis or meningitis in pregnant, elderly or immunocompromised individuals

Answer 22

Adult Listeriosis

Question 23

Club shaped gram (+) rod that cause disease by producing EXOTOXIN that kills cells by (-) EF-2 resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer 23

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 24

Movement of Listeria monocytogenes inside of host cells is caused by

A. inducing host cell actin polymerization
B. The formation of pili (fimbriae) on the listeriae surface
C. Pseudopod formation
D. The motion of listeria flagella
E. Tumbling motility

Answer 24

A. inducing host cell actin polymerization

Question 25

8 y/o boy develops severe sore throat.
(+) grayish exudate (pseudomembranes) in tonsils and pharynx

Cause is most likely d.t.

A. gram (-) bacillus
B. single stranded positive sense RNA virus
C. catalase (+) gram (+) coccus that occurs in clusters
D. club shaped gram (+) bacillus
R. double stranded RNA virus

Answer 25

D. club shaped gram (+) bacillus

inactivation of elongation factor 2