Thorax 09: Circulatory histology

Question 1

Is studying these flashcards for circulatory system histology enough?

Answer 1

Absolutely not; I need to study the histology itself for the practical exam

Question 2

What are the important structures for this course to discriminate in the circulatory system histology?

Answer 2

Heart, elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Question 3

Which circulatory system layer does atherosclerosis form?

Answer 3

Tunica intima

Question 4

Where are Purkinje fibers usually located?

Answer 4

Subendocardium of the heart

Question 5

What is on the outside layer of the epicardium?

Answer 5

Visceral serous pericardium

Question 6

What are the two main components of myocardium?

Answer 6

Smooth muscle and capillaries

Question 7

What are the main components of the epicardium?

Answer 7

Visceral serous pericardium, fat, capillaries

Question 8

What vessel has the largest total cross section area?

Answer 8

Capillaries

Question 9

What vessel has the smallest total cross section area?

Answer 9

Aorta

Question 10

Which side of the cardiovascular system is high pressure? Low pressure?

Answer 10

Arterial side is high pressure; venous side is low pressure

Question 11

Characteristics of elastic arteries

Answer 11

Elastic tissue dominant in tunica media but found in subendothelia as well

Question 12

Characteristics of muscular arteries

Answer 12

Elastic fibers are concentrated in IEL between intima and media and EEL between media and adventitia; thin tunica media

Question 13

Microcirculation

Answer 13

The part of the circulatory system where gas and nutrient exchange takes place

Question 14

Characteristics of arterioles

Answer 14

Small lumen, no IEL, media contains only 3-4 rings of smooth muscle; adventitia is blended in with CT

Question 15

Characteristics of capillaries

Answer 15

Lumen about the size of a single erythrocyte; nuclei buldge into lumen

Question 16

Characteristics of Venules

Answer 16

No elastic fibers, media has 1-2 layers of smooth muscle

Question 17

Characteristics of Veins

Answer 17

Large lumen, poorly developed IEL, 2-3 layers of smooth muscle

Question 18

Characteristics of Muscular vein

Answer 18

Thin intima, 2-4 layers of smooth muscle, no IEL or EEL

Question 19

Characteristics of Vena cavae

Answer 19

Distinct intima, thick adventitia

Question 20

What type of arteries are coronary arteries?

Answer 20

Muscular arteries

Question 21

Thoracic duct

Answer 21

A lymph duct that drains lymph from the left and all of the inferior sections of the body`

Question 22

Characteristics of lymphatic capillaries

Answer 22

No erythrocytes, no basement membrane, anchoring filaments

Question 23

Characteristics of Lymphatic vessels

Answer 23

No erythrocytes, one-way valves

Question 24

Lymph nodes

Answer 24

Structues where afferent lymph vessels drain into and is the site of mingling between antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes.

Question 25

Why must the aorta remain elastic?

Answer 25

1) To dampen pulsatile flowout of the heart.

2) To allow perfusion of the coronary circulation

Question 26

Vasa verosum

Answer 26

Vessels of large vessels that provide them with oxygen and nutrients (thick vessels cannot be nourished through passive diffusion)

Question 27

What ways do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

Answer 27

1) Thin endothelium with scant basement membrane
2) anchoring filaments connect endothelium to surrounding tissue
3) No erythrocytes in lumen

Question 28

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 28

A lymphatic duct that drains lymph from the upper right side of the body

Question 29

What are the four main regions of the lymph nodes?

Answer 29

Cortex, paracortex, medulla, sinuses

Question 30

What is the pathway of lymph through the lymph node?

Answer 30

Afferent lymphatics –> sinuses (subcapsular–> cortical –> trabecular –> medullary) –> efferent lymphatics

Question 31

From central to peripheral, what are the 3 layers of lymphoid follicles

Answer 31

Germinal center, marginal zone, mantle zone

Question 32

High endothelial venules

Answer 32

Specialized blood capillaries in the lymph nodes that permit the direct entry of lymphocytes into the lymph nodes