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Human Body (Anatomy) > Pelvis 01: Overview > Flashcards

Pelvis 01: Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

The true pelvis, just below the abdomen

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2
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the pelvic cavity?

A

Superior: pelvic inlet
Inferior: pelvic diaphragm

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3
Q

Perineum

A

A region underneath the pelvic cavity that houses the external genitalia

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4
Q

What is the relationship of the peritoneal sac with the pelvic cavity?

A

The peritoneal sac extends down into the pelvis and drapes over the top of pelvic organs

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5
Q

Endopelvic fascia

A

A fascia found in the pelvis that is the continuation of the abdominal preperitoneal and retroperitoneal fasciae

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6
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

Mostly surrounded by peritoneum

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7
Q

Subperitoneal

A

Below the peritoneum (and thus mostly not related to it)

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8
Q

What are the female pelvic intraperitoneal structures?

A

Ovaries, uterine tubes, fundus and much of the body of the uterus

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9
Q

What are the female pelvic subperitoneal structures?

A

Bladder, lower uterus, cervix, vagina

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10
Q

Is the bladder at all related to the peritoneal?

A

The superior surface is related; however, the bladder is not intraperitoneal

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11
Q

Vesicouterine pouch

A

A small pouch found in the female pelvis between the uterus and the bladder

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12
Q

Rectouterine pouch of Douglas

A

A small pouch found in the female pelvis between the uterus and the rectum

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13
Q

What is the lowest point of the peritoneal sac?

A

Rectouterine pouch of Douglas

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14
Q

Broad Ligament

A

A ligament of peritoneum found in the pelvic cavity between the lateral sides of the uterus and the lateral pelvic walls

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15
Q

Uterosacral ligament

A

A ligament that runs between the uterus and the sacral bones; it suspends the uterus

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16
Q

Pararectal fossa

A

A hollow pouch on each side of the rectum

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17
Q

Suspensory ligament of ovary

A

A ligament that contains the ovarian vessels and the peritoneal fold

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18
Q

Pubocervical ligament

A

A ligament that runs between the pubis and the cervix

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19
Q

How does the endopelvic fascia support female reproductive structures?

A

It condenses into various ligaments that hold organs in place

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20
Q

Rectovesical pouch

A

A pouch that is found only in the male pelvis between the bladder and rectum. It is continuous with the pararectal and paravesical fossae

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21
Q

Paravesicle fossa

A

Fossa found only in the male pelvix between the blade and the vessels of the lateral pelvic wall

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22
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

The bony ligament that connects anteriorally the two sides of the pelvic bone

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23
Q

Sacrum

A

The fusion of the five sacral vertebral bodies that form the posterior spine of the pelvic bones

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24
Q

Pelvic outlet

A

The central hole in the pelvic bones

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25
Q

Ischiopubic ramus

A

A bone of the pelvis that runs between the pubis and the ischium

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26
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

The bony part of the ischium of the spine that is the attachment site of the sacrotuberous ligament

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27
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

A ligament that runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

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28
Q

Pelvic diaphragm

A

A group of muscles that form the floor of the pelvic cavity and separates it from the perineum

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29
Q

What are the hiatuses of the male pelvis?

A

Urogenital hiatus and anal hiatus

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30
Q

What are the four palpable structures of the pelvis?

A

Public symphysis, right and left ischial tuberosity, and tip of coccyx

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31
Q

What are the hiatuses of the female pelvis?

A

Urogenital hiatus and anal hiatus. The urogential hiatus will contain the urethra and the vagina

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32
Q

What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the perineum?

A

Pelvic diaphragm is the roof; skin is the floor

33
Q

Using anatomical terms, how is the perineum positioned relative to the pelvic diaphragm in the body?

A

The perineum is superficial and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

34
Q

Lithotomy position

A

Position of patient on their back and opening their legs to reveal the perineum

35
Q

What are the two triangles formed by the palpable structures of the pelvis?

A

Urogenital triangle and anal triangle

36
Q

What are the three points that define the urogenital triangle?

A

Public symphysis and left and right ischial tuberosities

37
Q

What are the three points that define the anal triangle?

A

Tip of coccyx and right and left ischial tuberosities

38
Q

What membrane is found at the anal triangle?

A

There is none!

39
Q

Urogenital diaphragm

A

The perineal membrane, found in the front half of the perineum

40
Q

How does the urogenital diaphragm differ in male and female pelvices?

A

In the female pelvis, the urogenital diaphragm takes up the whole space of the urogenital triangle. In the male pelvis, it is slightly smaller than the triangle

41
Q

In the female pelvis, what are the two openings found in the urogenital hiatus? Which one is more ventral?

A

Urethra and vagina; urethra is more ventral

42
Q

Ischio-anal fossae

A

A fossa found between the ischium and the anus, superficial to the pelvic diaphragm and deep to the deep perinal pouch and perineal membrane

43
Q

From superficial to deep, what are the layers found in the urogenital triangle?

A

Skin -> fatty layer of superficial perineal fascia -> Colle’s fascia -> Perineal cleft -> Superficial perineal pouch -> Perineal membrane -> Deep perineal pouch -> ischioanal fossa -> pelvic diaphragm -> Endopelvic fascia -> Peritoneum -> pertioneal cavity

44
Q

From superficial to deep, what are the layers found in the anal triangle?

A

Skin -> fatty layer of superficial perineal fascia -> Colle’s fascia -> Perineal cleft -> Superficial perineal pouch -> ischioanal fossa -> pelvic diaphragm -> Endopelvic fascia -> Peritoneum -> pertioneal cavity

There is no peritoneal membrane or deep perineal pouch

45
Q

Deep perineal pouch

A

A pelvic pouch found above and deep to the perineal membrane

46
Q

Superficial perineal pouch

A

A pelvic pouch found superficial to perinal membrane and deep to the deep perineal fascia; it contains erectile tissue and associated skeletal muscles

47
Q

What is the difference between the male and female pelvis with regards to the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Male: trilobar. Female: quadrilobar

48
Q

Perineal cleft

A

A pelvic cleft found deep to Colle’s fascia and superficial to the deep perineal fascia; also known as the subcutaneous perineal pouch

49
Q

Levator ani

A

The group of muscles that make up the pelvic diaphragm, they lift up the anus

50
Q

What are the muscles that make up the levator ani?

A

Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis

51
Q

What are the three bones that make up the pelvic bone?

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

52
Q

Ischial spine

A

A spiny part of the ischium that is the attachment site of the sacrospinous ligament

53
Q

Greater Sciatic foramen

A

A foramen that is above the ischial spine

54
Q

Lesser Scieatic forament

A

A forament that is below the ischial spine

55
Q

Sacrospinous ligament

A

A ligament that runs from the sacrum to the sichial spine

56
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

A ligament that runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

57
Q

Obtuator canal

A

A small canal that runs through the obturator membrane in the pelvic

58
Q

Piriformis

A

A muscle that runs from the pelvic brim to the sacrum

59
Q

Obturator internus

A

A muscle that spans the obturator foramen of the pelvis

60
Q

What nerve innervates the piriformis? What spinal cord segments does it originate from?

A

“Nerve to piriformis”; L5, S1, S2

61
Q

What nerve innervates the obturator internus? What spinal cord segments does it originate from?

A

“Nerve to obturator internus”; L5 and S1

62
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

The nerve that innervates the pelvic diaphragm

63
Q

What spinal cord segments does the pudendal nerve originate from?

A

S2, S3, S4

64
Q

Puborectalis

A

A muscle that originates from the pubis and wraps around the rectum; it is one of the pelvic diaphragm muscles

65
Q

What nerves innervate the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Pudendal nerve; S4 directly

66
Q

How do visceral nerves get past the pelvic diaphragm?

A

They run through the urogenital hiatus

67
Q

How do somatic nerves get past the pevlic diaphragm?

A

They go around it

68
Q

What nerves and vessels leave the pelvic cavity from above the piriformis?

A

Superior gluteal

69
Q

What nerves and vessels leave the pelvic cavity from below the piriformis?

A

Sciatic nerve; post femoral cutaneous nerve; nerve to quadratus femoris; inferior gluteal nerve and vessels; pudendal nerve; nerve to obturator internus

70
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

The largest nerve in the body; it leaves the pelvic cavity beneath the piriformis

71
Q

What nerves and vessels leave the pelvic cavity from the obturator canal?

A

Obturator nerve and vessels

72
Q

What nerves and vessels leave the pelvic cavity from under the inguinal ligament?

A

Femoral nerve and vessels

73
Q

What nerves and vessels enter the perineum from the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus, internal pudendal vessels

74
Q

Pudendal canal

A

A canal found through the lesser sciatic foramen where the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery runs through. It runs along the surface of the obtuator internus muscle

75
Q

External anal spinchter

A

A sphincter of skeletal muscle that controls the opening and closing of the anus

76
Q

What spinal cord segments control the external anal sphincter?

A

S2, S3, S4

77
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

The most superficial muscle of the back of the pelvis

78
Q

Gluteus medius

A

A muscle that is just deep of the gluteus maximus but the most superior of the back pelvic muscles

79
Q

Os coxae

A

The name of the fused bones that make up the pelvic bone

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

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