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Human Body (Anatomy) > Body Plan 02: Week 3 (Gastrulation) > Flashcards

Body Plan 02: Week 3 (Gastrulation) Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrulation

A

The formation of three primary germ layers

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2
Q

What are the four processes that occur in the third week of development?

A

Gastrulation, neurulation, notochord formation, and formation of the neural crest

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3
Q

What are the three germ layers that are formed in gastrulation?

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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4
Q

Primitive Streak

A

The thickened linear band of epiblast that marks the beginning of gastrulation. This line becomes the long axis of the embryo

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5
Q

Primitive Groove

A

The groove located in the primitive streak

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6
Q

Primitive Pit

A

The proliferation of cells at the cranial end of the primitive streak

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7
Q

Primitive node

A

The node located at the primitive pit where cells dive below to become mesoblast and endoblast

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8
Q

Mesoblast

A

The layer of cells during gastrulation that settle between the epiblast and hypoblast

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9
Q

What are the two areas of the embryo that mesoblast does not settle in during gastrulation?

A

Oropharyngeal membrane (future mouth) and cloacal membrane (future anus)

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10
Q

Oropharyngeal membrane

A

A cranial membrane that becomes the mouth

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11
Q

Mesenchym

A

A connective tissue in which cells migrate

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12
Q

Cloacal membrane

A

A caudal membrane that becomes the anus

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13
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outermost germ layer. Forms the nervous system and skin

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14
Q

Mesoderm

A

The middle germ layer. Forms the muscles and red blood cells

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15
Q

Endoderm

A

The innermost germ layer. Forms the epithelia of many organs. Also forms the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, and urinary system

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16
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm

A

Mesoderm lying outside the embryo that lines the yolk sac and amniotic cavity

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17
Q

Somatic

A

Relates to outer body

18
Q

Splanchnic

A

Relates to inner body

19
Q

Chordamesoderm

A

Mesoderm cells that migrate rostally from the primitive pit, forming the notochord

20
Q

Notochordal plate

A

The plate of chordamesoderm extending rostally to the oropharyngeal membrane

21
Q

Neurenteric Canal

A

A temporary opening of the notochordal plate, allowing for communication and ion equalization between the aminotic cavity and the yolk sac

22
Q

What cells line the yolk sac? What type of cells replace the roof lining of the yolk sack during gastrulation?

A

Hypoblast; endoblast

23
Q

Intraembryonic mesoderm

A

Mesoderm that differentiates from embryonic mesoblast and contributes to fetal tissue

24
Q

What are the three divisions of the intraembryonic mesoderm?

A

Paraxial, intermediate, and lateral

25
Q

How is the lateral mesoderm split?

A

It is split dorsoventrally, creating a somatic layer and a splanchnic layer

26
Q

What three things are formed with the split of the lateral mesoderm

A

A somatic layer, a splanchnic layer, and an intraembryonic celom

27
Q

Intraembryonic celom

A

A product of lateral mesoderm splitting, it is a cavity in the emrbyo that gives rise to the peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural cavities

28
Q

How is the paraxial mesoderm split?

A

Rostalcaudally, creating somites

29
Q

Somite

A

The product of paraxial mesoderm splitting, it is a developmental structure that correlates to a section of the body

30
Q

Neurulation

A

Formation of the neural tube

31
Q

What induces neurulation?

A

The formation of the notochord

32
Q

Neural plate

A

A differentiated section of the ectoblast that is induced by the notochord

33
Q

How is the neural tube formed

A

The neural plate begins to fold into neural folds and neural grooves. The neural folds come together and pinch off the neural groove into forming the neural tube

34
Q

Neural crest

A

Often called the 4th germ layer in vertebrates; cells that are pinched off of the neural plate during neurulation but do not remain as part of the nervous system

35
Q

Neural tube

A

The product of neurulation and the precursor to the central nervous system (they become mesenchymal)

36
Q

Secondary neurulation

A

The formation of a secondary neural tube in the caudial end of the embryo

37
Q

Neuropore

A

The rolling up on the cranial and caudal ends of the embryo

38
Q

What happens when rostal neuropore does not close?

A

Anencephaly

39
Q

Spina Bifida

A

When the spinal cord does not close causally to the 4th somite

40
Q

Skeletaginous septum

A

A septum that splits along the line of the notochord

41
Q

Mesentery

A

An organ that attaches other organs to cell wall bodies. It double-wraps the gut tube dorsally and ventrally and is the primary communication method between the gut and the rest of the tube

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

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