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Human Body (Anatomy) > Thorax 01: Muscles and Osteology of the Back > Flashcards

Thorax 01: Muscles and Osteology of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Cuts the body into two lateral sides (right and left)

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2
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Cuts the body into a dorsal and ventral side

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3
Q

Transverse Plan

A

Cuts the body near the waist into top and bottom

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4
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Person is flat with feet apart, arms down and palms facing forward

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5
Q

Another term for ventral

A

Anterior

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6
Q

Another term for dorsal

A

Posterior

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7
Q

Another word for cranial

A

Superior

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8
Q

Another word for caudal

A

Inferior

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9
Q

Medial

A

Closer to midline

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10
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from midline

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11
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to surface

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12
Q

Deep

A

Away from surface

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13
Q

What does the thorax body seciton plan look like?

A

No uritogenital structures, aorta displaced to the left, esophagus closer to the vertebrae, heart folded in center, celom lines pulmonary cavities which contains lungs, no portal vein, wall formed by ribs with 3 layers of
muscle between them

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14
Q

Endothoracic fascia

A

a layer of loose connective tissue that lines the inside of the thoracic wall

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15
Q

Trapezius

A

A hypaxial limb muscle of the upper back, usually by the shoulder

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16
Q

Muscle reflection

A

Performing an incision in a muscle and folding it back to see beneath it

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17
Q

Levator scapulae

A

A hypaxial limb muscle beneath the trapezius; usually around the neck

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18
Q

Rhomboid muscle minor

A

A hypaxial limb muscle beneath the trapezius, usually by the clavicle and above the rhomboid muscle major

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19
Q

Rhomboid muscle major

A

A hypaxial limb muscle beneath the trapezius; usually just under the rhomboid muscle minor

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20
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia

A

A layer of connective tissue that separates epaxial muscle from hypaxial muscle

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21
Q

Serratus Posterior

A

The deepest hypaxial muscle; connects to the ribs

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22
Q

Secondary curvature

A

The normal curving of the spine.

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23
Q

Primary curvature

A

The normal curving of the spine that is present in the fetus (unlike secondary) and is concave anteriorally; thoracic curvature and sarcococcygeal curvature

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24
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

The hole in the middle of the vertebra

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25
Q

Neural arch

A

Vertebral part consisting of pedicle and lamina

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26
Q

Vertebral body

A

The bottom part of the vertebra

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27
Q

Spinous process

A

The vertebral bone sticking out upwards

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28
Q

Articular process

A

The vertebral bone sticking out diagonally

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29
Q

Transverse process

A

The vertebral bone sticking out laterally

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30
Q

How can we recognize cervial vertebra?

A

Shorter processes; they specifically have foramen transversarium; bifidous spinal processes

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31
Q

How can we recognize thoracic vertebra?

A

There is one facet in transverse process and two demi-facets in articular process for connecting ribs; heart shaped body

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32
Q

How can we recognize lumbar vertebra?

A

Much larger vertebral body; long transverse process; no facets

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33
Q

Foramen transversarium

A

Unique to cervical vertebra; an opening on each of the transverse processes which gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a sympathetic nerve plexus

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34
Q

Pars interarticularis

A

One of the two weak spots of the lumbar vertebra

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35
Q

Sacrum

A

Fusion of the 5 sacral vertebra; articulates with the pelvis

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36
Q

Longitudinal ligaments

A

Ligaments that run down the vertebral column. Divided into anterior and posterior

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37
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligaments

A

Strong and thick; resists hyperextension

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38
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligaments

A

weaker; resists hyperflexion and herniation

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39
Q

Ligamenta flava

A

Elastic ligaments joining laminae

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40
Q

Interspinous ligaments

A

Spans spinous processes

41
Q

Supraspinous ligaments

A

Strong ligaments that span the tips of spinous processes

42
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Cranial continuation of supraspinous ligaments that holds the head up

43
Q

Herneated disk

A

Seeping of nucleus pulposus from the vertebral body; damages spinal nerves

44
Q

Ankylosin spondylitis

A

Fusion of spinal joints due to inflammation

45
Q

Spondyloisthesis

A

Anterior slippage of lumbar vertebra, usually L5

46
Q

How many spinal arteries are there?

A

One anterior and two posterior

47
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Cranial nerve 11 (accessory spinal nerve), C3-C4

48
Q

Trapezius action

A

Adducts, rotates, elevates, depresses scapula

49
Q

What are the superficial back muscles?

A

Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, latissimus dorsi

50
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

nerves to levator scapulae, dorsal scapular nerve

51
Q

Levator scapulae action

A

Elevates scapula and rotates glenoid cavity

52
Q

Rhomboid major innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

53
Q

Rhomboid minor innversation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

54
Q

Rhomboid major action

A

adducts scapula

55
Q

Rhomboid minor action

A

adducts scapula

56
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

A superficial back muscle that spans the back

57
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

58
Q

Latissimus dorsi action

A

Adduct, extend, and rotate arm medially; depresses scapula

59
Q

What are the muscles of the spinotransverse group?

A

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis;

60
Q

Spinotransverse group muscle innervation

A

Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

61
Q

Spinotransverse group muscle action

A

extends, rotates, laterally flexes head and neck

62
Q

What are the muscles of the erector spinae group?

A

Spinalis, Longissimus, Ilocostalis

63
Q

Erector spinae group inntervation

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

64
Q

Erector spinae group action

A

extend, rotate, laterally flex vertebral column and head

65
Q

What are the muscles of the transversospinalis group?

A

semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores

66
Q

Transversosplinalis group innervation

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

67
Q

Transversosplinalis gruop action

A

Extend and rotate head, neck and trunk

68
Q

Pectoralis major

A

A muscle in the pectoral region

69
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

70
Q

Pectoralis major action

A

Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm

71
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

A muscle in the pectoral region underneath the pectoralis major

72
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

Medial pectoral nerve

73
Q

Pectoralis minor action

A

Depresses scapula and elevates ribs

74
Q

Subclavius

A

A muscle in the pectoral region attached to the clavicle

75
Q

Subclavius innervation

A

Nerves to the subclavius

76
Q

Subclavius action

A

Depresses lateral part of the clavicle

77
Q

Serratus anterior

A

A muscle in the pectoral region

78
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

79
Q

Serratus anterior action

A

Upward rotation of scapula; abducts and elevates arm upwards

80
Q

What are the muscles found in the thoracic wall

A

External intercostals, internal intercostals, innermost intercostals, transversus thoracis, subcostalis

81
Q

Thoracic wall muscle innervation

A

Intercostal nerves

82
Q

External intercostal muscle action

A

Elevates ribs during inspiration

83
Q

Internal intercostal muscle action

A

Elevates interchondral part of rib, depresses costal part of rib

84
Q

Innermost inercostal muscle action

A

Elevates ribs

85
Q

Transversus thoracis muscle action

A

Depresses rib

86
Q

Subcostalis muscle action

A

Elevates ribs

87
Q

Diaphragm

A

A muscle found in the inferior thoracic region and separates it from the abdomen

88
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

C3, C4, C5 (phrenic nerve)

89
Q

Diaphragm action

A

Aids in breathing

90
Q

What are the planes of movement of the spine?

A

1) flexion and extension
2) lateral flexion
3) Rotation

91
Q

Atlantooccipital joint

A

Involved in head nodding

92
Q

Atlantoaxial joint

A

Involved in head shaking

93
Q

Ligamentum nuchae attachments

A

Spinous process of C7 and the external occipital protuberance

94
Q

Spondylosis

A

A break in the vertebra

95
Q

What is a muscle origin? What is a muscle attachment point?

A

Immovable fixation point; movable fixation point

96
Q

Origin of Trapezius

A

Vertebral column

97
Q

Insertion of Trapezius

A

Spine of scapula

98
Q

Conus medularus

A

The tapering, bottom end of the spinal cord

99
Q

cauda equina

A

A bundle of spinal nerves inferior to the conus medularis

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

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