Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Body (Anatomy) > Abdomen 03: Gut Tube Structure and Function > Flashcards

Abdomen 03: Gut Tube Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structure of the GI tract?

A

Visceral tube mostly 2 layers of smooth muscle, with glandular outgrowths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Serosa

A

The adventitia of an intraperitoneal organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscularis mucosae

A

Muscles of the inner mucosal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three elements of gut inner mucosa?

A

Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the middle muscular layer in the GI tract and uterine tube?

A

Inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up the middle muscular layer in the ureter?

A

Inner longitudinal and outer circular muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up the middle muscular layer in the deferent duct?

A

Longitudinal muscles -> circular muscles -> longitudinal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes up the middle muscular layer in the stomach?

A

circular muscles -> longitudinal muscles -> Oblique muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Peristalsis

A

The mechanism of moving tubal contents through a coordinate contraction and relaxation of circular and longitudinal smooth muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

An enteric nervous system plexus that lies between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Submucosal plexus

A

Also known as Meissner’s plexus; an enteric nervous system plexus that supplies the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is protective mucosa found?

A

Esophagus and anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the properties of protective mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized; allows for hard bolus to move by without scraping the inner lining of the gut tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the secretory mucosa found?

A

Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the secretive mucosa?

A

It secretes pepsin to regulate gastric acid pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the absorptive mucosa found?

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the absorptive mucosa?

A

Very large surface area to absorb things from the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Villi

A

Projections found on the absoprtive mucosa, aids in pushing things down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Crypts

A

Short glands that separate vili in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

Glands found in the mucosa of the duodenum that extend into the submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where can we find a mucosa that is both protective and absorptive?

A

Colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Esophagus

A

The “food pipe”, extending from the mouth to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What innervates the esophagus?

A

Vagus and sympathetics of T1-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What artery supplies the esophagus?

A

The left gastric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does the esophagus traverse the diaphragm?

A

T10; it pierces the right crus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How much of the esophagus is skeletal muscle?

A

Uper 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Primary peristalsis

A

Peristalsis of the esophagus initiated by swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Secondary peristalsis

A

Peristalsis of the esophagus that occurs if the bolus does not clear; initiated by mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where does the stomach start relative to the esophagus?

A

Start of gastric folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Stomach rugae

A

Gastric folds of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Lower Esophageal Spchinter

A

A sphincter in the transition between the esophagus and the stomach; consists of smooth muscles and striated muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure of a sphincter to open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Z-line (not of sarcomere)

A

The exact boundary between the esophagus and the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What three things help the lower esophageal sphincter function?

A

1) unidirectional peristalsis
2) contraction of the diaphragm
3) greater intra-abdominal pressure

35
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Cardia of the stomach is displaced up into the thorax, resulting in the smooth and skeletal muscle parts of the lower esophageal sphincter not being in the same place

36
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

A pathological condition where lower esophageal mucosa become columnar secreting (and thus more similar to stomach mucosa) as the result of acid reflux; the sphincter is unable to protect the epithelium

37
Q

Stomach

A

The organ of food storage and food mixing

38
Q

What is the capacity of the stomach?

A

1.5 liters

39
Q

Chyme

A

The result of fod mixed with gastric secretions in the stomach

40
Q

What nerves innervate the stomach?

A

Vagus and T5-T7 of sympathetics

41
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

The sphincter between the stomach and duodenum

42
Q

What arteries supply the stomach?

A

Gastric arteries

43
Q

Cardiac orifice

A

The entrace of the stomach from the esophagus section

44
Q

Fundus

A

The top part of the stomach, extending above the cardiac orifice

45
Q

How is the stomach functionally divided?

A

Proximal: reservoir
Distal: antral pump

46
Q

Retropulsion

A

Propulsion of stomach contents backwards towards the top when the pyloric sphincter is closed; triturating food

47
Q

What are the two ends of the small intestine?

A

Pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve

48
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

49
Q

Migrating motor complex

A

Slow, interdigestive motility of the small intestine to move bile through and prevent bacterial overgrowth

50
Q

Mixing motility of the small intestine

A

Peristalsis of the small intestine; mixing chyme in both directions

51
Q

Power propulsion of the small intestine

A

A powerful, defensive contraction of the small intestine that is intended to clean the lumen

52
Q

Lacteals

A

Lymphatic channels found in the small intestine villi

53
Q

Duodenum

A

The first section of the small intestine; the site of gastric acid neutralization and initiation of digestion

54
Q

What are the parts of the duodenum?

A

Superior, descending, inferior, ascending

55
Q

Where does the foregut transition into the midgut?

A

In the duodenum, right at the major duodenal papilla

56
Q

What nerves innervate the duodenum?

A

Vagus and T7-T9 of sympathetics

57
Q

What arteries supply the duodenum?

A

Supraduodenal and gastroduodenal arteries

58
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

A ligament found in the boundary between duodenum and jejunum. It’s function is unknown

59
Q

Jejunum

A

2nd part of small intestine, about 2/5th of it

60
Q

Where is the jujenum mostly found?

A

Umbillical region

61
Q

Ileum

A

Last part of the small intestine, about 3/5 of it

62
Q

Where is the ileum mostly found?

A

Pubic region

63
Q

Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has longer vasa recta?

A

Jejunum

64
Q

Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has long arcades?

A

Ileum

65
Q

Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has a thinner wall?

A

Ileum

66
Q

Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has less fat in the mesentery?

A

Jejunum

67
Q

Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has large, tall plicae circulares?

A

Jejunum

68
Q

Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has many Peyer’s patches?

A

Ileum

69
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

Found at the junction of the ileum and colon

70
Q

What nerves innervate the ileocecal valve?

A

Vagus and sympathetic T10

71
Q

Appendix

A

An organ that juts out of the colon

72
Q

Colon

A

The large intestine

73
Q

What are the 3 sections of the colon?

A

Ascending, transverse, descending

74
Q

Taenia coli

A

Bands of arranged longitudinal muscle of the colon; three in total

75
Q

Haustra of colon?

A

A “belly” of the colon

76
Q

Hepatic colon flexure

A

Also known as the right colon flexure; where the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon

77
Q

Splenic colon flexure

A

Also known as the left colon flexure; where the transverse colon becomes the descending colon

78
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

An S-shaped section of the descending colon as it becomes the rectum

79
Q

What are the three general layers of the gut tube?

A

Mucosa -> muscular layer -> adventitia/serosa

80
Q

What are the 2 main active cell types found in the exocrine glands of the stomach mucosa?

A

Parietal cells and chief cells

81
Q

Parietal cells

A

Cells found in the exocrine glands of the stomach; secrete gastric acid and intrinsic factor

82
Q

Chief cells

A

Cells found in the exocrine glands of the stomach; secrete pepsinogen

83
Q

Omental Appendages

A

Fatty lobes attached to the colon

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions