Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Body (Anatomy) > Abdomen 03: Gut Tube Structure and Function > Flashcards

Abdomen 03: Gut Tube Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structure of the GI tract?

A

Visceral tube mostly 2 layers of smooth muscle, with glandular outgrowths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Serosa

A

The adventitia of an intraperitoneal organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscularis mucosae

A

Muscles of the inner mucosal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three elements of gut inner mucosa?

A

Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the middle muscular layer in the GI tract and uterine tube?

A

Inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up the middle muscular layer in the ureter?

A

Inner longitudinal and outer circular muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up the middle muscular layer in the deferent duct?

A

Longitudinal muscles -> circular muscles -> longitudinal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes up the middle muscular layer in the stomach?

A

circular muscles -> longitudinal muscles -> Oblique muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Peristalsis

A

The mechanism of moving tubal contents through a coordinate contraction and relaxation of circular and longitudinal smooth muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

An enteric nervous system plexus that lies between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Submucosal plexus

A

Also known as Meissner’s plexus; an enteric nervous system plexus that supplies the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is protective mucosa found?

A

Esophagus and anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the properties of protective mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized; allows for hard bolus to move by without scraping the inner lining of the gut tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the secretory mucosa found?

A

Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the secretive mucosa?

A

It secretes pepsin to regulate gastric acid pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the absorptive mucosa found?

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the absorptive mucosa?

A

Very large surface area to absorb things from the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Villi

A

Projections found on the absoprtive mucosa, aids in pushing things down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Crypts

A

Short glands that separate vili in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

Glands found in the mucosa of the duodenum that extend into the submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where can we find a mucosa that is both protective and absorptive?

A

Colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Esophagus

A

The “food pipe”, extending from the mouth to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What innervates the esophagus?

A

Vagus and sympathetics of T1-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What artery supplies the esophagus?

A

The left gastric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does the esophagus traverse the diaphragm?
T10; it pierces the right crus
26
How much of the esophagus is skeletal muscle?
Uper 1/3
27
Primary peristalsis
Peristalsis of the esophagus initiated by swallow
28
Secondary peristalsis
Peristalsis of the esophagus that occurs if the bolus does not clear; initiated by mechanoreceptors
29
Where does the stomach start relative to the esophagus?
Start of gastric folds
30
Stomach rugae
Gastric folds of the stomach
31
Lower Esophageal Spchinter
A sphincter in the transition between the esophagus and the stomach; consists of smooth muscles and striated muscle
32
Achalasia
Failure of a sphincter to open
33
Z-line (not of sarcomere)
The exact boundary between the esophagus and the stomach
34
What three things help the lower esophageal sphincter function?
1) unidirectional peristalsis 2) contraction of the diaphragm 3) greater intra-abdominal pressure
35
Hiatal hernia
Cardia of the stomach is displaced up into the thorax, resulting in the smooth and skeletal muscle parts of the lower esophageal sphincter not being in the same place
36
Barrett's esophagus
A pathological condition where lower esophageal mucosa become columnar secreting (and thus more similar to stomach mucosa) as the result of acid reflux; the sphincter is unable to protect the epithelium
37
Stomach
The organ of food storage and food mixing
38
What is the capacity of the stomach?
1.5 liters
39
Chyme
The result of fod mixed with gastric secretions in the stomach
40
What nerves innervate the stomach?
Vagus and T5-T7 of sympathetics
41
Pyloric sphincter
The sphincter between the stomach and duodenum
42
What arteries supply the stomach?
Gastric arteries
43
Cardiac orifice
The entrace of the stomach from the esophagus section
44
Fundus
The top part of the stomach, extending above the cardiac orifice
45
How is the stomach functionally divided?
Proximal: reservoir Distal: antral pump
46
Retropulsion
Propulsion of stomach contents backwards towards the top when the pyloric sphincter is closed; triturating food
47
What are the two ends of the small intestine?
Pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve
48
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
49
Migrating motor complex
Slow, interdigestive motility of the small intestine to move bile through and prevent bacterial overgrowth
50
Mixing motility of the small intestine
Peristalsis of the small intestine; mixing chyme in both directions
51
Power propulsion of the small intestine
A powerful, defensive contraction of the small intestine that is intended to clean the lumen
52
Lacteals
Lymphatic channels found in the small intestine villi
53
Duodenum
The first section of the small intestine; the site of gastric acid neutralization and initiation of digestion
54
What are the parts of the duodenum?
Superior, descending, inferior, ascending
55
Where does the foregut transition into the midgut?
In the duodenum, right at the major duodenal papilla
56
What nerves innervate the duodenum?
Vagus and T7-T9 of sympathetics
57
What arteries supply the duodenum?
Supraduodenal and gastroduodenal arteries
58
Ligament of Treitz
A ligament found in the boundary between duodenum and jejunum. It's function is unknown
59
Jejunum
2nd part of small intestine, about 2/5th of it
60
Where is the jujenum mostly found?
Umbillical region
61
Ileum
Last part of the small intestine, about 3/5 of it
62
Where is the ileum mostly found?
Pubic region
63
Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has longer vasa recta?
Jejunum
64
Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has long arcades?
Ileum
65
Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has a thinner wall?
Ileum
66
Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has less fat in the mesentery?
Jejunum
67
Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has large, tall plicae circulares?
Jejunum
68
Between the jejunum and ileum, which one has many Peyer's patches?
Ileum
69
Ileocecal valve
Found at the junction of the ileum and colon
70
What nerves innervate the ileocecal valve?
Vagus and sympathetic T10
71
Appendix
An organ that juts out of the colon
72
Colon
The large intestine
73
What are the 3 sections of the colon?
Ascending, transverse, descending
74
Taenia coli
Bands of arranged longitudinal muscle of the colon; three in total
75
Haustra of colon?
A "belly" of the colon
76
Hepatic colon flexure
Also known as the right colon flexure; where the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon
77
Splenic colon flexure
Also known as the left colon flexure; where the transverse colon becomes the descending colon
78
Sigmoid colon
An S-shaped section of the descending colon as it becomes the rectum
79
What are the three general layers of the gut tube?
Mucosa -> muscular layer -> adventitia/serosa
80
What are the 2 main active cell types found in the exocrine glands of the stomach mucosa?
Parietal cells and chief cells
81
Parietal cells
Cells found in the exocrine glands of the stomach; secrete gastric acid and intrinsic factor
82
Chief cells
Cells found in the exocrine glands of the stomach; secrete pepsinogen
83
Omental Appendages
Fatty lobes attached to the colon

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions