Body Plan 11: Skin and Joints

Question 1

Skin

Answer 1

Largest organ of the body

Question 2

What separates the epidermis and dermis?

Answer 2

Basement membrane

Question 3

Rete Ridges

Answer 3

Epidermal ridges that dip into the dermis

Question 4

Dermal papillae

Answer 4

Dermal ridges that pop up into the epidermis

Question 5

Epidermal cells

Answer 5

Mostly keratinocytes arising from the basal stem cells and migrate up to the surface

Question 6

What are the four layers from the epidermis, from bottom up?

Answer 6

Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum corneum

Question 7

Langerhans cells

Answer 7

Antigen presenting cells in the epidermis

Question 8

Dermis

Answer 8

Connective tissue and blood vessels underneath the epidermis

Question 9

Hair follices

Answer 9

Invaginated holocrine glands of the dermis (the epidermis invaginates); dermal papillae invaginates the fair follice bulb

Question 10

Pilosebaceous unit

Answer 10

Consists of hair follice, Sebaceous gland, errcrine sweat gland, apocrine sweat gland, and arrector pili muscles

Question 11

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 11

A dermal nerve ending used for fine touch

Question 12

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 12

A dermal/hypodermal junction nerve ending used for vibration, pressure, and temperature

Question 13

Synovial joints

Answer 13

Joints lined by synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid; articulating surfaces lined by hyaline cartilage over subchondral bone

Question 14

Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 14

The fibers that connect tendons to bones

Question 15

What are the three types of nonsynovial joints?

Answer 15

Symphyses, Synchondroses, Sutures

Question 16

Tide Mark

Answer 16

The boundary between calcified and uncalcified cartilage in the articulate cartilage; prohibits ossification of cartilage layer

Question 17

Synovium

Answer 17

Synovial joint lining with an inner layer and outer layer

Question 18

Synovium inner layer

Answer 18

Discontinuous, 1-4 cells deep with no basement membrane. It’s a specialized connective tissue and not considered part of epithelium

Question 19

Synovium outer layer

Answer 19

collagenous CT with blood vessels

Question 20

Synoviocytes

Answer 20

Cells that linethe synovium; come in type A and type B

Question 21

Type A synoviocyte

Answer 21

Macrophage-like, derived from mononuclear phagocyte lineage; can phagocytose debris in synovial fluid

Question 22

Type B synoviocyte

Answer 22

Fibroblast-like; secrete hyaluronan (GAG) component of synovia and ECM fluid of synovium

Question 23

Synovial fluid

Answer 23

Secreted by synoviocytes to fill the synovial cavity; functions to lubricate and nourish the joint

Question 24

Osteoarthritis

Answer 24

Degeneration and disordered repair of articular cartilage that results in loss of bone at joints; causes cysts of synovial fluid in subchondral bone, sclerosis (thickened subchondral bone), Eburnation (polishing), and fibrillation (clefting)

Question 25

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 25

An inflammatory autoimmune disorder that attacks joints, producing a nonsuppurative proliferative and inflammatory synovitis

Question 26

Tendons

Answer 26

Connect mucles to bones; made of dense regular connective tissue

Question 27

Ligaments

Answer 27

Connect bones to bones

Question 28

Joint Capsules

Answer 28

Connect bones to bones

Question 29

Symphyseal joints

Answer 29

Hyaline cartilage on bone surface connected by fibrocartilage with no joint cavity. Example: intervertebral disks

Question 30

Nucleus pulposus

Answer 30

Fibrous and fliud filled, derived from notochord and found in intervertebral disk joints

Question 31

Symphysis

Answer 31

Hyaline cartilage on bone surface connected by fibrocartilage

Question 32

Synarthroses

Answer 32

Between cranial bones; Collagen fibers run from bone to bone