Body Plan 04: Circulatory Systems and Blood Flashcards
What are the functions of the circulatory system
Thermoregulation; transport of gasses, hormones, and immune system cells
Where does the circulatory system derive from?
Splanchnic mesoderm
What are the three processes for the formation of blood vessels?
Vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, Hematopoiesis
Vasculogenesis
The process of creating blood vessels. Can occur extraembryonically or intraembryonically
Extraembryonic vasculogenesis
Extraembryonic mesoderm cells differentiate into blood vessel endothelium and hematopoietic cells
Where is the first place that vasculogenesis occurs?
Yolk sac, extraembryonic
Intraembryonic vasculogenesis
Somites and splanchnopleur differentiate into endothelial cells. Hematopoietic stem cells arise from the endothelia in aorta, mesonephros, and gonads
Angiogenesis
Formation of blood vessels from existing blood vessels. Used for development and wound healing
Anastomosis
The combining of two existing blood vessels to create a new blood vessel. Used in angiogenesis
Lymphangiogenesis
The formation of the lymphatic system from veins (buds off of vein)
What do vascular endothelium cells recruit to develop the outer layers of the vascular walls?
Smooth muscle and pericytes
From inner to outer, what are the three layers of the circulatory system tubes?
Tunica intima, tunica media, adventitia
What organ does not follow the standard cardiovascular model?
Spleen
Where does homatopoiesis occur during development?
Yolk sac in week 3; umbellical vessel in first trimester, spleen and liver in second trimester; bone marrow in third trimester
Bone Marrow
Tissue that is responsbile for erythrocyte production
Red bone marrow
Active bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow
Fatty (inactive) bone marrow
“One-for-me, one-for-you”
Hemateopoietic stem cell replication: one HSC and one differentiated cell
What level of potency are HSCs?
Multipotent
What are the contents of blood
Erythorcytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, plasma
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells, anucleated in adults and developed in bone marrow. It is flexible and transports gasses
Leukocytes
White blood cells, cells of the immune system found in the blood (but function mainly in tissue)
What are the five leukocytes commonly found in blood?
Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte
Neutrophil
Antibacterial cells, main component of pus. Multi-lobed nuceluus
Which leukocyte is the most common in blood?
Neutrophil
Which leukocyte fights off bacteria
Neutrophil
Eosinophile
Stained red, di-lobed nucelus. Active during infallmation due to asthma and hay fever
Which leukocyte fights off worms?
Eosinophil
Basophils
Granuled cells, contribute to anaphylaxis and other related inflammations
Which leukocyte is the rarest in blood?
Basophil; potentially the same as mast cell
Lymphocyte
Adaptive immune cells, about as small as a red blood cell. There are two types
B-cells
A type of lymphocyte that matures in bone marrow. They secrete antibodies
T-cells
A type of lymphocyte that matures in the thymus. They are involved in direct cellular response
Monocyte
Mononuclear phagocyte system and have an indent in the nucleus. Gives rise to many different types of cells (microglia, osteoclasts, etc.)
Thrombocytes
Platelets, function in clotting and healing. They are fragmented off of megakaryocytes
What are the sections of bone marrow
Sinusoids and hematopoietic cords
Sinusoids
The area of bone marrow where erythrocytes develop
Hematopoietic cords
The area of bone marrow where leukocytes are made
Megakaryocytes
Large cells found in bone marrow that make platelets
Functions of the lymphatic system
1) drain excess fluid from tissue
2) mingling of leukocytes to present antigens
