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Human Body (Anatomy) > Abdomen 01: Embryology and Plan of Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen 01: Embryology and Plan of Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the upper and lower bounds of the abdomen?

A

Inferior thoracic aperture at the top, pelvis at the bottom. There is no clear boundary between the pelvis and the abdomen

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2
Q

What is the true boundary between the abdomen and the pelvis?

A

The pelvic cavity

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3
Q

Diaphragm

A

The muscle that aids in respiration; divides the thorax and the abdomen

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4
Q

Crus of the diaphragm

A

Two tendon-like structures that extend below from the diaphragm and into the vertebral column. There is the right and left cura

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5
Q

Which of the two cura of the diaphragm is lower?

A

Right cura

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6
Q

Median arcuate ligaments

A

A ligament in the middle of the diaphragm that connects the two cura

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7
Q

Central tendon

A

Thin but strong aponeurosis in the diaphragm

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8
Q

What structures traverse the diaphragm at T8?

A

Inferior vena cava and the right phrenic nerve

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9
Q

What structures traverse the diaphragm at T10?

A

Esophagus, vagus nerves, some of the lymphatics

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10
Q

What structures traverse the diaphragm at T12?

A

Aortic arch, azygous vein, thoracic duct

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11
Q

What structures traverse the diaphragm behind the medial arcuate ligament?

A

Psoas major, sympathetic trunk, least splanchnics

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12
Q

What structures traverse the diaphragm behind the lateral arcuate ligament?

A

Quadratus lumborum

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13
Q

How does the left phrenic nerve traverse the diaphragm

A

It pierces through it

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14
Q

How do the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves traverse the diaphragm?

A

They pierce through the two cura

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15
Q

How does the hemiazygous vein traverse the diaphragm?

A

It pierces through the left cura

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16
Q

How do the intercostal nerves traverse the diaphragm?

A

They don’t; they are localized to the thorax

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17
Q

Pelvic inlet

A

The abdomen’s boundary with the pelvis

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18
Q

Transpyloric plane

A

End of 9th costal cartialge; L1/L2

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19
Q

Subcostal plane

A

Lower edge of the 10th costal cartilage; L3

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20
Q

Supracristal plane

A

L4

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21
Q

Interubercular plane

A

Tubercle of the crest of ilium; L5

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22
Q

What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Upper left, upper right, lower left, lower right

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23
Q

What structures are in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Spleen, stomach, parts of the transverse colon

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24
Q

What structures are in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Liver, gallbladder, parts of the ascending and transverse colon

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25
What structures are in the lower left quadrant?
Descending colon, sigmoid colon, anterior superior illiac spine, inguinal ligament
26
What structures are in the lower right quadrant?
Ascending colon, anterior superior illiac spine, inguinal ligament
27
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen? Order from top right to bottom left
1) Right hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypochondrium 2) right flank, umbillical, left flank 3) right groin, pubic, left groin
28
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the esophagus found?
Epigastric
29
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the stomach found?
epigastric and left hypochondrium
30
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the duodenum found?
epigastric, on the border of the umbillical
31
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the liver found?
right hypochondrium and epigastric
32
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the gallbladder found?
epigastric on the transpyloric plane and the right hypchondrium
33
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the pancreas found?
Epigastric and left hypochondrium
34
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the spleen found?
Left hypochondrium
35
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the jejunum of the small intestine found?
predominantly umbillical; parts are found in epigastric and left flank
36
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the ileum of the small intestine found?
predominantly pubic; parts also found in right and left groin
37
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the cecum found?
Right groin
38
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the appendix found?
pubic and right groin
39
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the ascending colon found?
Right flank and right hypchondrium
40
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the transverse colon found?
Left and right hypochondriums; epigastric and umbillical
41
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the descending colon found?
Left hypochondrium, left flank, left groin
42
With regards to the 9 regions of the abdomen, where is the sigmoid colon found?
Left groin and pubic
43
What are the organs that do not protrude into the gut?
Kidneys, suprarenal glands, spleen
44
What muscles make up the gut tube/
Skeletal muscles at ends for voluntary control of intake and outflow. Everything else is smooth muscle
45
What are the two muscle layers that allow for peristalsis in the gut tube?
Longitudinal and circumferential layers
46
Enteric nervous system
An intrinsic (1), semi-autonomous (1) nervous system in the GI tract (1) that is art of the visceral nervous system (1)
47
Peristalsis
The basic motor reflex underlying gut motility
48
How does peristalsis work?
The receiving segment contracts its longitudinal muscles and the previous segment contracts its circumferential muscles
49
What are the five sphincters of the abdomen?
Lower esophageal, pyloric, sphincter of Oddi, ileocolic, internal anal
50
Lower esophageal sphincter
The sphincter between the esophagus and stomach
51
Pyloric sphincter
The sphincter between the stomach and duodenum
52
sphincter of oddi
The sphincter between the pancreas and the duodenum; it allows bile to be stored in the gallbladder
53
Ileocolic sphincter
The sphincter between the duodenum and the colon
54
Internal anal sphincter
The sphincter that allows for outflow of colon contents
55
Achalasia
A failure of a sphincter to close
56
Peritoneum
A closed bag that is derived from celom
57
Mesentery
A double layer of peritoneum
58
Ventral mesentery
A mesentery found only in the foregut
59
Dorsal mesogastrium
The dorsal mesentary of the stomach
60
Mesocolon
The mesentary of the colon
61
Hepatorenal ligament
A ligament spanning between the liver and the right kidney
62
Intraperitoneal
Used to describe an organ totally surrounded by mesentery
63
Retroperitoneal
Used to describe an organ that has some part not covered by a mesentery
64
Primary retroperitoneal
Used to describe an organ that has always been retroperitoneal from development
65
Secondary retroperitoneal
Used to describe an organ that used to be intraperitoneal but was pushed out of the mesentery during/after development
66
What nerve innervates the visceral peritoneum?
Visceral neurons
67
What nerve innervates the parietal peritoneum?
Somatic neurons
68
In females, how much fluid is found in the peritoneal cavity?
Up to 25 ml
69
Ascites
Fluid accumulation in the peritoneum
70
Omental bursa
Another word for the lesser peritoneal sac
71
Lesser peritoneal sac
A cut off section of the peritoneal sac that is formed by the rotation of gut tube contents; it is tucked behind the stomach and liver
72
Greater peritoneal sac
Everything of the peritoneum that is not part of the elsser peritoneal sac
73
Where does the liver primordium develop in week 4 of development?
In the septum transversum
74
How is the lesser sac developed?
As the liver grows, it moves to the right, displacing the stomach to the left. A section of the peritoneal sac is sealed off, which becomes the lesser sac
75
Greater curvature of the stomach
The outside curvature that is larger
76
Lesser curvature of the stomach
The inside curvature that is smaller
77
Omental foramen
Entrace to the lesser sac
78
How does the liver grow with regards to pancreas formation?
The liver leaves behind the bile dict with the gallbladder and the ventral pancreatic bud. The gut tube rotates, bringing the ventral pancreatic bud next to the dorsal pancreatic bud, allowing them to fuse
79
Physical herneation
The normal herniation of the cecal bud into the body stalk, because the gut tube grows faster than the fetus. It eventually fits back inside the fetus
80
What structures of the midgut are derived from the cephalic lumb of the primary intestinal tube?
Distal duodenum, jejunum, part of ileum
81
What structures of the midgut are derived from the caudal lumb of the primary intestinal tube?
Distal ileum, cecum, appendix, assending colon, 2/3rds of the transverse colon
82
What artery supplies the foregut at week 4?
Celiac trunk
83
What artery supplies the midgut at week 4?
Superior mesenteric artery
84
What artery supplies the hindgut at week 4?
Inferior mesenteric artery
85
What structures traverse the diaphragm behind the median arcuate ligament?
Aorta and thoracic duct
86
What nerve innervates the foregut?
Greater splanchnic nerve
87
What nerve innervates the midgut?
Lesser splanchnic nerve
88
What nerve innervates the hindgut?
Lumbar splanchnic nerve

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

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