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Human Body (Anatomy) > Abdomen 06: Posterior Lymphatic Wall And GI Lymphatics > Flashcards

Abdomen 06: Posterior Lymphatic Wall And GI Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

False pelvis

A

The pelvic region in the abdomen cavity (above the sacrum)

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2
Q

Iliolumbar ligament

A

A ligament running from L4/5 to the ilium of the pelvis

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3
Q

Iliac crest

A

The superior edge of the pelvis, on both right and left side

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4
Q

Where does the lumbar plexus form?

A

On the psoas major

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5
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major?

A

Bodies of T12-L5 and intervertebral disks

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas major?

A

Femur

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7
Q

What innervates the psoas major

A

Ventral rami of L1-L3

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8
Q

What is the action of the psoas major?

A

Flexes thigh

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9
Q

What is the origin of the psoas minor?

A

Lateral bodies of T12 and L1

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas minor?

A

Pelvic bone

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11
Q

What nerve innervates the psoas minor?

A

Ventral ramus of L1

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12
Q

What is the action of the psoas minor?

A

Flexes trunk

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13
Q

What is the origin of the Iliacus?

A

Upper iliac fossa, upper-lateral sacrum, anterior sacro-iliac and sacro-lumbar ligaments

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the Iliacus?

A

Femur

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15
Q

What nerves innervate the iliacus?

A

Femoral nerves of L2-L4

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16
Q

What is the action of the iliacus?

A

Flexes thigh

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17
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Iliac crest and the ilio-lumbar ligament

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Transverse processes of L1-L4 and 12th rib

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19
Q

What nerves innervate the quadratus lumborus?

A

Ventral ramus of T12-L4

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20
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column

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21
Q

Psoas sign

A

Using the flexion or extension of the thigh against resistance to cause pain if irritated by any of the associated organs

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22
Q

What organs can be responsible for psoas sign?

A

Kidneys, ureters, retrocecal appendix of the right side

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23
Q

Kidney

A

Retroperitoneal organs that filter blood and extract urine and other wastes

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24
Q

Renal hilum

A

A slit like opening to the kidney

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25
Q

Renal sinus

A

A fat-filled space inside the kidney

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26
Q

Renal cortex

A

The outer layer of the kidney

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27
Q

Renal medulla

A

The inner layer of the kidney

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28
Q

Renal columns

A

Extensions of the renal cortex deep into the kidney

29
Q

Renal pyramids

A

Sections of the kidney that consist of medulla

30
Q

Minor Calyx

A

Connects to a renal papillus; part of the tract of urine outflow

31
Q

Renal papilla

A

Tips of the renal pyramids

32
Q

Major calynx

A

Where multiple minor calynx ducts meet and fuse

33
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Where urine is gathered in the kidney before it is sent to the ureter

34
Q

What is the pathway of urine?

A

Papilla -> Minor Calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter -> bladder

35
Q

What is the general pattern of renal arteries and veins?

A

Arteries usually behind veins

36
Q

What organs are associated with the right kidney?

A

Right suprarenal gland, liver, descending duodenum, right colic flexure, small intestine

37
Q

What organs are associated with the left kidney?

A

Left suprarenal gland, stomach, spleen, pancreas, left colic flexure, descending colon, jejunum

38
Q

From medial to lateral, what muscles are associated with the kidneys posteriorally?

A

Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominus

39
Q

Gerota’s fascia

A

Renal fascia that is fused into a bag and opens medially around the kidneys; continuous around ureters and vessels inferiorally

40
Q

Perinephric fat

A

Fat inside the renal fascia that immediately surrounds the kidneys

41
Q

Paranephric fat

A

Fat that lies outside the renal fascia

42
Q

What is the visceral innervation of the kidneys?

A

Least splanchnic, which arises from T12-L2

43
Q

Ureters

A

Retroperitoneal muscular tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

44
Q

What are the 3 constriction joints of the ureters?

A

Uretopelvic junction, pelvic inlet, entrance to bladder

45
Q

What are the arteries to the ureters?

A 
Branches from:
Renal arteries
Testicular arteries
Common iliac artery
Internal iliac artery
46
Q

What is the visceral innervation of the ureters?

A

T11-L2

47
Q

What is the referred pain region of the kidneys and ureters?

A

Groins/flanks, pubic region, and genitals

48
Q

Suprarenal glands

A

Endocrine lands sitting on the superior poles of the kidneys, located on the perinephric fat

49
Q

What is the right suprarenal gland related to?

A

Liver, IVC, diaphragm

50
Q

What is the left suprarenal gland related to?

A

Stomach, pancreas, spleen, diaphragm

51
Q

What are the arteries that supply the suprarenal glands?

A

Superior artery from the inferior phrenic artery
Middle artery from the aorta
Inferior artery from the renal arteries

52
Q

Where do the left and right suprarenal vein drain to?

A

Left: left renal vein
Right: IVC directly

53
Q

Suprarenal cortex

A

Outer layer that secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones

54
Q

Suprarenal medulla

A

Main source of adrenaline and noradrenaline

55
Q

What are the three zones of the suprarenal cortex?

A

Zona glomerulosa -> zona fasciculata -> zona reticulata

56
Q

Where does the subcostal nerve branch off of?

A

T12

57
Q

Where does the ilioinguinal nerve branch off of?

A

L1

58
Q

Where does the iliohypogastric nerve branch off of?

A

L1

59
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve branch off of?

A

L1/L2

60
Q

Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve branch off of?

A

L2/L3

61
Q

Where does the obturator nerve branch off of?

A

L2-4

62
Q

Where does the femoral nerve branch off of?

A

L2-L4

63
Q

Where does the lumbosacral trunk branch off of?

A

L4/L5

64
Q

Where does lymph from before the diaphragm drain to?

A

Posterior abdominal lymph nodes

65
Q

What are the layers surrounding the kidneys, from superficial to deep?

A

Paranephric fat -> Renal fascia -> Perinephric fat

66
Q

What are the layers of smooth muscle in the wall of the bladder?

A

1) Outer circular
2) Inner longitudinal

It’s the opposite of the gut tube

67
Q

Where is the suprarenal cortex derived from?

A

Neural crest cells

68
Q

What is the blow of flood through the suprarenal cortex?

A

Suprarenal arteries -> capsule -> cortex -> subcapsular plexus -> long cortical artery -> medullary veins -> suprarenal veins -> IVC

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

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