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Human Body (Anatomy) > Pelvis 04: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Pelvis 04: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathway of sperm?

A

Testes (Seminiferous tubules -> straight tubules -> rete testis -> efferent ductules) -> Epididymis (head -> body -> tail) -> Deferent duct -> ampulla of deferent duct -> ejaculatory duct -> urethra (prostatic -> membranous -> bulbar -> penile)

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2
Q

Testis

A

The site of sperm production and storage, located behind the tunica vaginalis testis

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3
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

The capsule of the testis; consists of some smooth muscle

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4
Q

How long does it take a spermatogonium to be a spermatozoan?

A

52 days

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5
Q

How long does it take a spermatozoan to mature?

A

12 dasy

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6
Q

How many lobules are in each testis?

A

~250

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7
Q

Testicular septa

A

Extensions of the tunica albuginea deep into the testis

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8
Q

Mediastinum testes

A

Invaginations of the tunica albugenia inside the testis; contains rete testes

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9
Q

Testicular lobule

A

A unit that contains 1-4 highly convoluted seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Site of spermatogenesis and the start of spermiogenesis; surrounded by fiborous connective tissue and smooth muscle

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11
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

The production of sperm

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12
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

Maturation of male gametes into motile sperm

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13
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Cells found inside seminiferous tubules; they nourish sperm during development and are receptors for testosterone

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14
Q

Leydig cells

A

Interstitial cells outside the seminiferous tubules that secrete testosterone and other androgens into the blood stream

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15
Q

Straight tubules

A

Connections from the seminiferous tubules to the mediastinum testes; also known as tubuli recti

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16
Q

What cellt ypes make up the straight tubules?

A

Columnar sertoli-like cells

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17
Q

Rete testis

A

Rete in the mediastinum testis consisting of simpel cubiodal epithelium and a dense fibrous interstitium

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18
Q

Efferent ductules

A

Ductules leaving the testis and moving sperm into the epididymis

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19
Q

What are the histological properties of the efferent ductules?

A
  • Simple columnar ciliated epithelia
  • Smooth muscle around ductule
  • Sperm in lumen
  • Some nonciliated cells are there to absorb fluid
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20
Q

What are the histological properties of the epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia for absorbind fluid
Very thick smooth muscle
Sperm in lumen

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21
Q

Where is sperm stored before ejaculation?

A

The tail of the epididymis

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22
Q

How are spermatozoa matured?

A

Acrosome cap forms from the golgi aparatus; centrioles and mitochondria migrate to the neck

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23
Q

What is the pathway of the deferent duct?

A

Scrotum -> spermatic cord -> Inguinal canal -> Abdominal cavity (a small section) -> Pelvic cavity

24
Q

Deferent duct

A

The duct that transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct during ejaculation

25
Q

What are the smooth muscle layers of the different duct?

A

Outer layer, middle circular, inner mucosa

26
Q

What are the histological properties of the deferens duct?

A

Three muscle layers (another flash card)
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with discontinuous basal cell layer
Thick lamina propria

27
Q

Vasectomy

A

Cutting the deferent duct to prevent the ejection of sperm during ejaculation

28
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Starts where the deferent duct merges with the duct of the seminal gland; opens into the prostatic urethra

29
Q

In males, where do the urinary and genital systems merge?

A

In the prostate, where the ejaculatory duct pierces through and then empties into the prostatic urethra

30
Q

Ampulla of ductus deferens

A

A widening of the deferent duct as it empties into the urethra

31
Q

Seminal glands

A

Subperitoneal glands located on the dorsal aspect of the bladder that provides some of the fluid of semen; it is not a storage site for spermatozoa

32
Q

What are the histological properties of the seminal gland?

A

Pseudostratified cuboidal and columnar epithelium with secretory cells
It has smooth muscle in the wall that contracts during ejaculation to expel contents

33
Q

What percentage of semen fluid comes from the seminal glands?

A

80%

34
Q

Prostate

A

A gland that is the site of the emptying of the ejaculatory duct into the urethra

35
Q

What are the histological properties of the prostate?

A
  • Surrounded by fibromusular capsule
  • Septa separate about 50 lobules
  • Branched tubulo-acinar glands in the stroma
  • Irregular leaf-like glands
36
Q

What are the four zones of the prostate?

A

Anterior, transitional, central, peripheral

37
Q

Which zone of the prostate is the common site of prostate cancers?

A

Peripheral zone

38
Q

Which zone of the prostate is the urethra located in?

A

Transitional zone

39
Q

Which zone of the prostate is the ejaculator duct located in?

A

Transitional zone, but more prosterior than the urethra

40
Q

Which zone of the prostate is the bulk of the gland?

A

Peripheral zone

41
Q

What percentage of semen fluid comes from the prostate?

A

10%

42
Q

What is related to the prostate superiorly?

A

The bladder

43
Q

What is related to the prostate inferiorly?

A

Deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane

44
Q

What is related to the prostate laterally?

A

Endopelvic fascia and prostatic plexus of veins, arteries, and nerves

45
Q

What is related to the prostate posteriorly?

A

Rectum

46
Q

Denoviller’s fascia

A

A fascia that surrounds the prostate and separates it from the rectum

47
Q

What are the sections of the male urethra?

A

Preprostatic -> prostatic -> membranous -> spongy

48
Q

Preprostatic urethra

A

The part of the male urethra before the prostate

49
Q

Prostatic urethra

A

The part of the male urethra inside the prostate; the site of the merge with the ejaculatory ducts

50
Q

Membranous urethra

A

The part of the male urethra in the deep perineal pouch and through the perineal membrane

51
Q

Spongy urethra

A

The part of the male urethra that is penile

52
Q

What are the two bends of the spongy urethra?

A

Pre-pubic and sub-pubic

53
Q

What are the histological properties of the penile urethra?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium that transitions distally into stratified squamous

54
Q

Periurethral glands of Littre

A

glands found in the penile urethra that provide mucinous secretions to the urethral surface

55
Q

Semen

A

Ejaculate fluid

56
Q

What things contribute to the semen

A

Sperm from the testes, fluid from the prostate, fluid from the seminal glands, secretions from the periuthreal glands of Littre

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

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