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Human Body (Anatomy) > Thorax 07: Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

Thorax 07: Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which section of the mediastinum is the heart located in?

A

Middle mediastinum

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2
Q

What structures are located in the superior mediastinum?

A

Thymus, great vessels, vagus and phrenic nerves, cardiac plexus, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, left superior intercostal vein, prevertebral muscles, lymph

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3
Q

What structures are located in the middle mediastinum?

A

Pericardium and its contents

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4
Q

What separates the superior mediastinum from the middle mediastinum?

A

Sternal angle

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5
Q

Mediastinal pleura

A

A layer of connective tissue that covers the mediastinum

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6
Q

Pericardium

A

A small serous celom that surrounds the heart

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7
Q

Where is the visceral layer of the pericardium?

A

Epicardium of the heart

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8
Q

Where is the parietal layer of the pericardium?

A

Mediastinal wall

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9
Q

What is the normal amount of fluid in the pericardial cavity?

A

50 ml

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10
Q

Serous pericardium

A

The celomic bag itself

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11
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Outside the serous pericardium that provides resistance against deformation

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12
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of the heart as the result of rapid accumulation of fluid within the pericardium

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13
Q

What are the veins that drain into the right atrium?

A

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac vein, smallest cardiac vein

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14
Q

Auricle

A

A remnant of the primitive right atrium that is above the right atrium

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15
Q

Sinus venarum

A

Derived from the right horn sinus vnarum; found in the right atrium

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16
Q

Musculi pectinati

A

Ridges on the heart wall of the atria

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17
Q

Crista terminalis

A

A ridge of smooth myocardium in the right atrium

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18
Q

Sulcus terminalis

A

A shallow groove on the outside of the right atrium

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19
Q

Tricupsid valve

A

A valve between the atrium and ventricle; atriaventricular valve

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20
Q

What structures are found in the right atrium?

A

Sinus venarum, musculi pectinati (as well as left), crista terminalis (inside), sulcus terminalis (outside), tricupsid valve

21
Q

Trabiculae carnae

A

A remnant of the primitive right ventricle; muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the ventricles

22
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

Fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle. There is one muscle for each cusp

23
Q

Moderator band

A

A muscular band of heart tissue found in the right ventricle of the heart that is one branch of the septomarginal trabecula

24
Q

Conus arteriosus of the right ventricule

A

The infundibulum

25
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

A valve in the right ventricle connection to the pulmonary trunk. It has anterior, right, and left cusps

26
Q

Cardiologist divisions of the right ventricle

A

Inlet, outlet, apical trabecular

27
Q

What are the structures of the right ventricle?

A

Trabeculae carnae, tricupsid valve, moderator band, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, conus arteriosus, pulmonary semilunar valve

28
Q

Mitral valve

A

A bicupsid valve that separates the left atrium and ventricle

29
Q

What are the structures of the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins, mitral valve, smooth muscle wall, musculi pectinati

30
Q

What are the structures of the left ventricle?

A

IV septum, trabeculae carnae, mitral valve, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, aortic semilunar valve, aortic vestibule

31
Q

What heart chamber lines the base of the heart?

A

Mostly left atrium

32
Q

What heart chamber lines the anterior surface of the heart?

A

Mostly right ventricle

33
Q

What heart chamber lines the diaphragmic surface of the heart?

A

Mostly left ventricle

34
Q

What heart chamber lines the left pulmonary surface of the heart?

A

Left ventricle and left atrium

35
Q

What heart chamber lines the right pulmonary surface of the heart?

A

Mostly right atrium

36
Q

What heart chamber lies at the heart apex?

A

Left ventricle

37
Q

What heart chamber lies at the inferior margin?

A

Mostly right ventricle

38
Q

What heart chamber lies at the obtuse margin?

A

Left ventricle and left atrium

39
Q

What side is the base of the heart?

40
Q

Inferior margin of the heart

A

The margin lining the anterior and diaphragmic sides of the heart

41
Q

Obtuse margin of the heart

A

The margin lining the anterior and left pulmonary sides of the heart

42
Q

Apex of the heart

A

The point where the obtuse and inferior margins of the heart meet

43
Q

Cardiac skeleton

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue consisting of four rings (one per valve) connected by the right and left fibrous trigones.

44
Q

What are the two semilunar valves?

A

Pulmonary and aortic

45
Q

What are the two atrioventricular valves?

A

Mitral (left) and tricupsid (right)

46
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium -> parietal serous pericardium -> visceral serous pericardium

47
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

atrioventricular groove, filled with fat

48
Q

Interventricular sulcus

A

Ventricular grooves both proesterior and anterior

49
Q

What are the three layers of tissue within a semilunar valve

A

Lamina fibrosa, lamina spongiosa, lamina radialis

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

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