Thorax 07: Heart Anatomy

Question 1

Which section of the mediastinum is the heart located in?

Answer 1

Middle mediastinum

Question 2

What structures are located in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 2

Thymus, great vessels, vagus and phrenic nerves, cardiac plexus, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, left superior intercostal vein, prevertebral muscles, lymph

Question 3

What structures are located in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 3

Pericardium and its contents

Question 4

What separates the superior mediastinum from the middle mediastinum?

Answer 4

Sternal angle

Question 5

Mediastinal pleura

Answer 5

A layer of connective tissue that covers the mediastinum

Question 6

Pericardium

Answer 6

A small serous celom that surrounds the heart

Question 7

Where is the visceral layer of the pericardium?

Answer 7

Epicardium of the heart

Question 8

Where is the parietal layer of the pericardium?

Answer 8

Mediastinal wall

Question 9

What is the normal amount of fluid in the pericardial cavity?

Answer 9

50 ml

Question 10

Serous pericardium

Answer 10

The celomic bag itself

Question 11

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 11

Outside the serous pericardium that provides resistance against deformation

Question 12

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 12

Compression of the heart as the result of rapid accumulation of fluid within the pericardium

Question 13

What are the veins that drain into the right atrium?

Answer 13

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac vein, smallest cardiac vein

Question 14

Auricle

Answer 14

A remnant of the primitive right atrium that is above the right atrium

Question 15

Sinus venarum

Answer 15

Derived from the right horn sinus vnarum; found in the right atrium

Question 16

Musculi pectinati

Answer 16

Ridges on the heart wall of the atria

Question 17

Crista terminalis

Answer 17

A ridge of smooth myocardium in the right atrium

Question 18

Sulcus terminalis

Answer 18

A shallow groove on the outside of the right atrium

Question 19

Tricupsid valve

Answer 19

A valve between the atrium and ventricle; atriaventricular valve

Question 20

What structures are found in the right atrium?

Answer 20

Sinus venarum, musculi pectinati (as well as left), crista terminalis (inside), sulcus terminalis (outside), tricupsid valve

Question 21

Trabiculae carnae

Answer 21

A remnant of the primitive right ventricle; muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the ventricles

Question 22

Chordae tendinae

Answer 22

Fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle. There is one muscle for each cusp

Question 23

Moderator band

Answer 23

A muscular band of heart tissue found in the right ventricle of the heart that is one branch of the septomarginal trabecula

Question 24

Conus arteriosus of the right ventricule

Answer 24

The infundibulum

Question 25

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 25

A valve in the right ventricle connection to the pulmonary trunk. It has anterior, right, and left cusps

Question 26

Cardiologist divisions of the right ventricle

Answer 26

Inlet, outlet, apical trabecular

Question 27

What are the structures of the right ventricle?

Answer 27

Trabeculae carnae, tricupsid valve, moderator band, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, conus arteriosus, pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 28

Mitral valve

Answer 28

A bicupsid valve that separates the left atrium and ventricle

Question 29

What are the structures of the left atrium?

Answer 29

Pulmonary veins, mitral valve, smooth muscle wall, musculi pectinati

Question 30

What are the structures of the left ventricle?

Answer 30

IV septum, trabeculae carnae, mitral valve, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, aortic semilunar valve, aortic vestibule

Question 31

What heart chamber lines the base of the heart?

Answer 31

Mostly left atrium

Question 32

What heart chamber lines the anterior surface of the heart?

Answer 32

Mostly right ventricle

Question 33

What heart chamber lines the diaphragmic surface of the heart?

Answer 33

Mostly left ventricle

Question 34

What heart chamber lines the left pulmonary surface of the heart?

Answer 34

Left ventricle and left atrium

Question 35

What heart chamber lines the right pulmonary surface of the heart?

Answer 35

Mostly right atrium

Question 36

What heart chamber lies at the heart apex?

Answer 36

Left ventricle

Question 37

What heart chamber lies at the inferior margin?

Answer 37

Mostly right ventricle

Question 38

What heart chamber lies at the obtuse margin?

Answer 38

Left ventricle and left atrium

Question 39

What side is the base of the heart?

Answer 39

Posterior

Question 40

Inferior margin of the heart

Answer 40

The margin lining the anterior and diaphragmic sides of the heart

Question 41

Obtuse margin of the heart

Answer 41

The margin lining the anterior and left pulmonary sides of the heart

Question 42

Apex of the heart

Answer 42

The point where the obtuse and inferior margins of the heart meet

Question 43

Cardiac skeleton

Answer 43

Dense fibrous connective tissue consisting of four rings (one per valve) connected by the right and left fibrous trigones.

Question 44

What are the two semilunar valves?

Answer 44

Pulmonary and aortic

Question 45

What are the two atrioventricular valves?

Answer 45

Mitral (left) and tricupsid (right)

Question 46

What are the layers of the pericardium?

Answer 46

Fibrous pericardium -> parietal serous pericardium -> visceral serous pericardium

Question 47

Coronary sulcus

Answer 47

atrioventricular groove, filled with fat

Question 48

Interventricular sulcus

Answer 48

Ventricular grooves both proesterior and anterior

Question 49

What are the three layers of tissue within a semilunar valve

Answer 49

Lamina fibrosa, lamina spongiosa, lamina radialis