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SocialStudies > Taking on Segregation > Flashcards

Taking on Segregation Flashcards

1
Q

segregated buses might have never rolled through Montgomery if

A

The civil Rights act of 1875 had remained in force

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2
Q

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 say

A

All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accomodations

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3
Q

In 1883 what did the Supreme Court do

A

All white court declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional

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4
Q

IN 1890,Louisiana did what

A

Required railroads to provide equal but seperate accomodations

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5
Q

in Plessy Vs. Ferguson

A

In 1896, the court ruled that seperate but equal didn’t violate the 14th amendment

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6
Q

What were Jim Crow Laws Aimed to do

A

Separate Races

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7
Q

What did Jim Crow Laws forbid

A

Marriage between blacks and whites, social and religious contact between the races, [ Schools, street cars, waiting ooms, railroad coaches, elevators, bathroom

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8
Q

Nearly all of the services

A

made blacks feel inferior

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9
Q

After the civil war, what did some blacks do

A

Some African Americans tried to escape Southern racism by moving to the north.

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10
Q

What did blacks find wen they moved north

A

There was still racism and segregation (black neighborhoods and competition for jobs)

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11
Q

When did the migration of African Americans seedup

A

During WWI (For industry jobs)

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12
Q

How did WWII set stage for a movement

A
  1. Demand for soldiers created a shortage of white laborers
  2. Opened up jobs for white women, AAs, and Latinos
  3. So many AAs served in the army that discriminatory policies ended. They wanted to fight for freedom
  4. During the war, blacks had actively campaigned for their voting rights and they challenged Jim Crow laws.
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13
Q

What did the president issue

A

An order prohibiting discrimination by federal agencies in war work

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14
Q

Who led the desegregation campaign largely

A

NAACP had fought through since the 1909.

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15
Q

Who was a prominent figure early on

A

Charles Hamilton Houston- A Howard University Prof who served as chief legal council for the NAACP from 1936- 1938

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16
Q

What did Houston focus on when deviding the NAACP’s legal strategy

A

Inequality between schools that states provided

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17
Q

How much more did white education cost than black education

A

10 x

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18
Q

So Houston focused on organizing :

A

organization’s limited resources on challenging glaring inequalities of segregated public education

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19
Q

In 1938 Charles Houston did what

A

placed a team of his best law students under Thurgood Marshall

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20
Q

How many cases did Marshall win

A

29/32 cases in teh Supreme Court

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21
Q

What were some cases that happened

A

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Morgan vs. Virginia (no segregation on interstate buses)

Sweatt vs. Painter: state law schools must admitt black applicants even if separate schools exist

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22
Q

Brown vs. Board of Education back story

A

1954 Father of Linda Brown charged Board of Education Kansas for denying her entrace to a school 4 blocks away (black school = 21 blocks)

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23
Q

What did the Supreme Court devide in Brown Vs. Board of Education

A

Segregation in school as a violation of 14th Amendment equal protection.

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24
Q

What did Chief Justice Earl Warraen say

A

Said seperate but equal has no place

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25
Q

Reaction to Brown Devision

A
  1. Kansas and Oklahoma thought it would ednd with little trouble
  2. Texas thought that it would take years
  3. Mississippi and Georgia vowed that they would not comply with the rules
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26
Q

In which places did desegregation go smoothly

A

Baltimore, St. Louis, Washington D.C.

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27
Q

Where African Americans were a majority, what did whites do

A

Whites resisted desegregation , Ku Klux Klan reappeared and white citizens council boycotted buses

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28
Q

What was Brown II

A

Supreme Court ordered desegregation to go quick: Eisenhower thought this was absurd (1955)

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29
Q

In 1948 who was the first southern state to admit blacks

A

Arkansas

30
Q

What did Arkansas do…desegregation wise

A
  1. Desegregate state universities
  2. Scout troops and union leaders stopped Jim Crow
  3. Little Rock citizens elected 2 people who backed desegregation
  4. Little Rock-desegregated
31
Q

What did Arkansas Governor show support for

A

Segregation

32
Q

In September 1957 Orval Fabus ordered

A

The National Guard to turn away the little Rock 9

33
Q

Little Rock Nine

A
  1. Nine African American students who volunteered to integrate Central high School in Little Rock
  2. It was the first step of the plan done by Virgil Blossom the school segregation
34
Q

What did A Federal Judge order Fabus to do qOrdered Fabus to let them in

A
35
Q

When the NAACP called 8 students, what did they say

A

Arranged to drive them to school, but they couldn’t reach Elizabeth Eckford

36
Q

What did Eckford face

A

An abusive crowd, but friendly whites stayed with her

37
Q

How did Eisenhower act in Retaliation to little rock

A
  1. Placed national guard form Arkansas under federal Control
  2. Ordered thousands of paratroopers into little rock
  3. The nation watched these students to enter the high school
38
Q

Even though soldiers were there, they could not

A

protect agains tregular harrasments

39
Q

At the end, what did Fabus do

A

Shut down little Rock high at the end of the year

40
Q

Civil Rights Act 1957 -which was sheparded by LBJ

A

Gave attorney general greater power over school desegregation. It gave federal government jurisdiction over violation of African American voting rights

41
Q

African American activists

A

began to take direct actions

42
Q

Four days after the Brown Decision who wrote a letter to the mayor of Montgomery

A

Jo Ann Robertson asked for the desegregation of buses

43
Q

What did the mayor say about Robinson

A

Refused

44
Q

Who was Rosa Parks

A
  1. Seamstress

2, NAACP Officer

45
Q

What did Parks do

A

She took a seat in the front row of the bus (colored section) . The bus filled up and she was asked to move. She regused and was arrested

46
Q

After Parks arrest, what happened

A

Robinson and E. D. Nixon suggested a bus boycott

47
Q

The leaders of the African American community included many ministers

A

formed the montgomery Inporvement Association to help organize the boycott

48
Q

Who was elected to lead the group MIA

A

Martin Luther King

49
Q

On Dec. 5th 1955 what did Dr. king say to a crowd of 1500 people

A

That African Americans were tired of being trampled on

50
Q

In terms of a bus boycott, what did the people do?

A

African Americans filed suit and refused to ride buses in Montgomery for 381 days

51
Q

How did people get paces in the boycott

A
  1. Organized car pools
  2. Walked long distances
  3. Support came from black community and outside groups
52
Q

When did the Supreme Court outlaw bus segregation

A

1956

53
Q

What did King call his brand of non violence

A

Soul Foce

54
Q

Where did King get his teaching from

A

Jesus (love enemies), Henry David Thoreau (refused to obey unjust law) A. Phillip Randolph (organize mass demonstrations ) and Mahatma Gandhi

55
Q

1955 murder of Emett Till what was his background

A

14 years old frican American boy who flirted with a white women( there were murderers like this every where)

56
Q

After the boycott, King joined with ministers and civil rights leaders to form

A

The southern christian leadership conference

57
Q

What did the SCLC do?

A

Confronted evils of second class citizen ship. They used stage protests and demonstrated

58
Q

The SClC hoped to

A

build a movement and win a lot of support

59
Q

Who was the president of the SCLC

A

King

60
Q

Who was the SCLC’s director

A

Ella Baker

61
Q

While in the NAACP, what did Baker do

A

She served as a national field secretary and she travelled 16,000 miles

62
Q

On April 1960, Baker:

A

Helped students at Shaw university an African American U, inRaileigh NC to organize a protest group

63
Q

What was the protest group called

A
64
Q

What did SNCC stand for

A

Student Non violetn coordinating committee

65
Q

What was another reason that SNCC was formed

A

College students viewed the pace of change as too slow . Students risked a lot when they wanted to change it

66
Q

The SNCC used

A

sit ins

67
Q

African American protestors sat down at segregated unch counters and refused to leave until they were served

A

SIT IN S

68
Q

What did TV crews show

A

The ugly racism of the South

69
Q

What did the sit ins spark

A

more sit ins

70
Q

How did Stores react

A

removed counter seats, raised price offood and called polices

71
Q

By 1960 students had

A

Desegregated lunch counters in 48 cities. Students endured beatings, arrest, suspension tear gas, and ire hoses

72
Q

g

A

SocialStudies (46 decks)

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