Taking On Segregation Flashcards
Segregated buses might have never rolled through Montgomery if,
The civil rights act of 1875 had remained in force
What did the Civil Rights Act 1875 say
all persos shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accomodations
IN 1883, what did the Supreme Court do?
All white declared it unconstitutional
In 1890, Louisiana did what
required railroads to provide equal but seperate accomodations
In Plessey vs. Ferguson
1896, the court ruled that seperate but equal didn’t violate the 14th amendment
What were Jim Crow Laws?
They aimed to seperate races
What did Jim Crow Laws forbid
marriag between blacks and whites. Social an dreligious contact between the races. Schools, street cars, waiting rooms, railroad coaches, elevators, bathroom,
Nearly all of the services
made blacks feel inferior
After the Civil War
Some African Americans tried to escape Southern racism by moving to the north
What did blacks find when they moved north
There was still racism and segregation (black neighborhoods and competition for jobs)
The migration of the AAs spedup during
WWI (for industry jobs)
How did WWII set the stage for movement
Demand for soldiers created a shortage of white laborers. Opened Jobss for white women, AAs, and Latinos. So many AA served in the army that discrimanatory policies ended wanted to fight for freedom. During the war, blacks had actively campaigned for their wvoting rights and they challeneged Jim Crow Laws
Pres. Roosevelt had issued an order
prohibiting discrimination by federal agencies in war work
Who led the desegregation campaign largely
NAACP had fought through 1909
Who was a prominent figure carry on
Charles Hamilton Houston an Howard University Prof who served as cheif legal council for the NAACP from 1936-1938
What did Houston focus on when deciding the NAACP’s legal strategy
inequality between schools that states provided
How much more did white education cost then black
10x
What did Houston focus on
organizing the organizations limited resources by challenging glaring inequalities of segregated public education
IN 1938, Charles Houston
placed a team of his best law students under Thurgood Marshall
How many cases did Marshall win
29/32 cases in teh Supreme Court
What were Some cases
Plessey vs. ferguson Morgan Vs. Virginia and Sweatt vs. painter
Brown vs. Board of Education back story
1954, father of linda brown chaged the board of education for denying entrance to a school
In Brown, what did Supreme Court decide
Segregation in school as a violation of 14th amendment equal protection. Earl Warren said that in terms of education, segregation had no place
Reaction to Brown Decision
Kansas and Oklahoma thought it would end with little trouble. Texas: years. Mississippi and Georgia vowed resistance
In which 2 places did desegregation go smothely
Washington DC, Baltimore, and St. Louis
Where African Americans were a mojority
Whites resisted desegregation. Ku Klux Klan reappeared and white citizens boycotted buses
What was Brown II
Supreme court ordered that desegregation should go quicker. Eisenhower opposed this
In 1948, who was the first southern state to admit black
Arkansas
What did Arkansas do desegregation
- Desegregate state universities
- Scout troops and union leaders stopped Jim Crow
- Litle Rock school board had 2 supporters
- Little Rock..desegregate
What did Ark. gov. show support for
seg.
In Sept 1957, Fabus ordered
national guard to turn away Little Rock 9
Little Rock 9
- 9 AA students who volunteered to integrate Central High School
A federal judge ordered
fabus to let them in
