Chapter 18.4 Two Nations Live on the Edge Flashcards
What was not common until the Eusenhower years?
Air Raid drills
In1949,what decision did Truman have to make?
Whether to develop the hydrogen bomb
What were facts about the hydrogen bomb?
That it was even more destructive then the atomic bomb and would have the force of 1 million tons of TNT
What was the issue with it?
Mortality
Despite all of these concerns, what did the US do?
enter into a deadly race with the Soviet Union to see which country would be the first to produce the bomb
Who won the HBOMB race
The americans, On Nov. 1st 1952 they exploded one but the soviets exploded one in less then a year
By the time both countries had exploded the bomb, whowas president
Dwight D. Eisenhower
John Foster Dulles
Was the secretary of state and he was against communism. For him, the cold war was a moral crusaid
What did Dullespropose
That the US could prevent the spread of communism by promising to use all of its force including nuclear weapons against any enemy
What was teh policy/willingness of the United States to go into an all out war?
Brinksmanship
Under Brinksmanship, what did the US do>
trimmed its army and navy and expanded the airforce and buildup of nuclear weapons
What did the Soviet do
they followed the us
What did Americans do to protect themselves from bombs
Practiced air raid drills because the threat was unlike one they had ever faced
CIA
Central Inteliigance Agency
What did the CIA do?
Used spies to gather information abroad. They also began to carry out secret operations to overthrow governments unfriendly to the United States
In 1951, Irans Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh did what
nationalized Irans oil field, placing private industries (owned by GB) under iran.
How did the Great Britain protest against the oil
stopped buying oil
What happened to the Iranian Economy?
It faltered and
What did the United States fear in regards to Iran
That they would trun to the Soviets for help
What did the CIA do as a result
They gave several million dollars to anti MOssadegh supporters
Why did the United States interfere in Iranian Affaris
They wanted the pro American Shah to return to powr
What did the Shah do when he returned to power
gave control of oil fields to western companies
What did Eisenhower believe about the people in Guatamala (the govt
That they were communist sympathies because it gave more then 200,000 American owned land to peasants.
What did the CIA do as a result of the Guatemal thing
they trained an army and invaded Guatemala then, becasue the Guatemalan Army refused to defend the president, they CIA installed a dictatorship
How did US Soviet tensions thaw
Stalin died
What did the Soviets recognize
West Germany
What provoked Soviet fear
West Germany was allowed to rearm and join NATO
What was the Warsaw Pact
It linked the Soviet Union wiht seven Eastern European Countries -their satellite nations
In July 1955, Eisenhower traveled where and what did he propose
He travelled to Geneva to meet with Soviet leaders. He proposed an open sky proposal
What was the open skies proposal?
Where the Soviet Union and United States would allow flights around one another’s territory
How did the Soviets react to the Open Skies proposal?
They rejected it
How did the world see the conference of Geneva
as a step towards peace
In 1955, the same year as the Geneva summit Great Britain and the US agreed to help
Egypt finace the construction of a dam at Aswan on the Nile River
What did Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egypts head of government did what?
They tried to play the Soviets and Americans against each other by usign each to get more aid.
in 1956, How did Dulles respond to Nassers agreements?
He withdrew his offer of a loan.
How did Nasser respond to Dulles withdrawing the loan
he naitonalized the Suez Canal the Egyptian waterway that was owned by France nad Great Britain.
How did the Dranch and British respond?
They were outraged
How did Egytian control of the canal affect Israel
Nasser refused to let ships bound for SIrael t pass through the cana, even though it was supposed to be open to all nations
Which countries responded and how?
Great Britain, France, and ISrael rsponded by sending troops. They seized the comediterranean end of the canal and the Un steppend in. IT told countries to withdraw and allowed Egypt ot keep control of the canal
How did soviet prestige increase in the middle east
for the support of egypt
what did President Eisenhower issue in Janurary 1957
The Eisenhower Doctorine which said that the UNited States would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country
What happened in Hungary
A revolt. They had been domiated by the Soviet Union since the end of World War II and they wanted a democratic government
Imre Nagy
The most popular libreal Hungarian ocmmunist formed a new government promising free elections and denounced the warsaw pact demanding that the Soviets leave
How did the Soviets respond to Hungary
They rolled into there and killed 30,000 people
Armed with only pistals and bottles,
Hungarian freedom ighters threw up barricaieds and fought the invaders
What did the Soviets do>
Threw nagay away and replaced it with a new govtAl
Although the Truman doctorine promised to help,
They didn’t
Did United Nations hep
NO, because of the Soviet Union
Who took over after Stalin died
Nikita Khruschev
What ddi Nikita believe
That communism would take over the world, but he thought that he coud do it peacefull, and the powers would compete both economically and scientifically
Who won the Sace Race
Soviets, they launched Sputnik on October4, 1957
How did Americans react to Sputinik
They were shocked and built a satellite that failed. On Jan 31st, however, they succeded
After the rejection of open skies, what did the CIA do
Made secret high altitude fights over Soviet territory. The plane used for these missions was the U-2
How did the Soviets detect the missiles
infrared cameras
By 1960, many officials were nervous about them. The soviets were aware. Who flew one last flight by the persuasion of Dulles
Francis Gary Powers
What happened to Powers
He was shot down and forced to come to Soviet territory and then sentanced to prison
How did Eisenhower react to the sentaning)
He denied that the flights had happened for sometime, then he admitted it but did now apologize
How did Nikita respond
Called off a summit (on the Arms race) and didn’t let Eisenhower Visit the Soviet uunion
