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SocialStudies > Chapter 18.4 Two Nations Live on the Edge > Flashcards

Chapter 18.4 Two Nations Live on the Edge Flashcards

1
Q

What was not common until the Eusenhower years?

A

Air Raid drills

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2
Q

In1949,what decision did Truman have to make?

A

Whether to develop the hydrogen bomb

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3
Q

What were facts about the hydrogen bomb?

A

That it was even more destructive then the atomic bomb and would have the force of 1 million tons of TNT

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4
Q

What was the issue with it?

A

Mortality

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5
Q

Despite all of these concerns, what did the US do?

A

enter into a deadly race with the Soviet Union to see which country would be the first to produce the bomb

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6
Q

Who won the HBOMB race

A

The americans, On Nov. 1st 1952 they exploded one but the soviets exploded one in less then a year

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7
Q

By the time both countries had exploded the bomb, whowas president

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower

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8
Q

John Foster Dulles

A

Was the secretary of state and he was against communism. For him, the cold war was a moral crusaid

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9
Q

What did Dullespropose

A

That the US could prevent the spread of communism by promising to use all of its force including nuclear weapons against any enemy

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10
Q

What was teh policy/willingness of the United States to go into an all out war?

A

Brinksmanship

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11
Q

Under Brinksmanship, what did the US do>

A

trimmed its army and navy and expanded the airforce and buildup of nuclear weapons

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12
Q

What did the Soviet do

A

they followed the us

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13
Q

What did Americans do to protect themselves from bombs

A

Practiced air raid drills because the threat was unlike one they had ever faced

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14
Q

CIA

A

Central Inteliigance Agency

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15
Q

What did the CIA do?

A

Used spies to gather information abroad. They also began to carry out secret operations to overthrow governments unfriendly to the United States

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16
Q

In 1951, Irans Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh did what

A

nationalized Irans oil field, placing private industries (owned by GB) under iran.

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17
Q

How did the Great Britain protest against the oil

A

stopped buying oil

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18
Q

What happened to the Iranian Economy?

A

It faltered and

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19
Q

What did the United States fear in regards to Iran

A

That they would trun to the Soviets for help

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20
Q

What did the CIA do as a result

A

They gave several million dollars to anti MOssadegh supporters

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21
Q

Why did the United States interfere in Iranian Affaris

A

They wanted the pro American Shah to return to powr

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22
Q

What did the Shah do when he returned to power

A

gave control of oil fields to western companies

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23
Q

What did Eisenhower believe about the people in Guatamala (the govt

A

That they were communist sympathies because it gave more then 200,000 American owned land to peasants.

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24
Q

What did the CIA do as a result of the Guatemal thing

A

they trained an army and invaded Guatemala then, becasue the Guatemalan Army refused to defend the president, they CIA installed a dictatorship

25
Q

How did US Soviet tensions thaw

A

Stalin died

26
Q

What did the Soviets recognize

A

West Germany

27
Q

What provoked Soviet fear

A

West Germany was allowed to rearm and join NATO

28
Q

What was the Warsaw Pact

A

It linked the Soviet Union wiht seven Eastern European Countries -their satellite nations

29
Q

In July 1955, Eisenhower traveled where and what did he propose

A

He travelled to Geneva to meet with Soviet leaders. He proposed an open sky proposal

30
Q

What was the open skies proposal?

A

Where the Soviet Union and United States would allow flights around one another’s territory

31
Q

How did the Soviets react to the Open Skies proposal?

A

They rejected it

32
Q

How did the world see the conference of Geneva

A

as a step towards peace

33
Q

In 1955, the same year as the Geneva summit Great Britain and the US agreed to help

A

Egypt finace the construction of a dam at Aswan on the Nile River

34
Q

What did Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egypts head of government did what?

A

They tried to play the Soviets and Americans against each other by usign each to get more aid.

35
Q

in 1956, How did Dulles respond to Nassers agreements?

A

He withdrew his offer of a loan.

36
Q

How did Nasser respond to Dulles withdrawing the loan

A

he naitonalized the Suez Canal the Egyptian waterway that was owned by France nad Great Britain.

37
Q

How did the Dranch and British respond?

A

They were outraged

38
Q

How did Egytian control of the canal affect Israel

A

Nasser refused to let ships bound for SIrael t pass through the cana, even though it was supposed to be open to all nations

39
Q

Which countries responded and how?

A

Great Britain, France, and ISrael rsponded by sending troops. They seized the comediterranean end of the canal and the Un steppend in. IT told countries to withdraw and allowed Egypt ot keep control of the canal

40
Q

How did soviet prestige increase in the middle east

A

for the support of egypt

41
Q

what did President Eisenhower issue in Janurary 1957

A

The Eisenhower Doctorine which said that the UNited States would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country

42
Q

What happened in Hungary

A

A revolt. They had been domiated by the Soviet Union since the end of World War II and they wanted a democratic government

43
Q

Imre Nagy

A

The most popular libreal Hungarian ocmmunist formed a new government promising free elections and denounced the warsaw pact demanding that the Soviets leave

44
Q

How did the Soviets respond to Hungary

A

They rolled into there and killed 30,000 people

45
Q

Armed with only pistals and bottles,

A

Hungarian freedom ighters threw up barricaieds and fought the invaders

46
Q

What did the Soviets do>

A

Threw nagay away and replaced it with a new govtAl

47
Q

Although the Truman doctorine promised to help,

A

They didn’t

48
Q

Did United Nations hep

A

NO, because of the Soviet Union

49
Q

Who took over after Stalin died

A

Nikita Khruschev

50
Q

What ddi Nikita believe

A

That communism would take over the world, but he thought that he coud do it peacefull, and the powers would compete both economically and scientifically

51
Q

Who won the Sace Race

A

Soviets, they launched Sputnik on October4, 1957

52
Q

How did Americans react to Sputinik

A

They were shocked and built a satellite that failed. On Jan 31st, however, they succeded

53
Q

After the rejection of open skies, what did the CIA do

A

Made secret high altitude fights over Soviet territory. The plane used for these missions was the U-2

54
Q

How did the Soviets detect the missiles

A

infrared cameras

55
Q

By 1960, many officials were nervous about them. The soviets were aware. Who flew one last flight by the persuasion of Dulles

A

Francis Gary Powers

56
Q

What happened to Powers

A

He was shot down and forced to come to Soviet territory and then sentanced to prison

57
Q

How did Eisenhower react to the sentaning)

A

He denied that the flights had happened for sometime, then he admitted it but did now apologize

58
Q

How did Nikita respond

A

Called off a summit (on the Arms race) and didn’t let Eisenhower Visit the Soviet uunion

59
Q
A

SocialStudies (46 decks)

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