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SocialStudies > Chapter16 Dictators Threaten World Peace > Flashcards

Chapter16 Dictators Threaten World Peace Flashcards

1
Q

What sowed the conflicts leading up to WWII

A

The Treaty of Versailles. For many nations, peace had broughteconomic depression and struggle. Also, there were powerful dictators that believed in nationalism

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2
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles do?

A

Caused anger and resentment. The Germans saw nothing fair in this treaty-as they were blamed, and stripped of their overseas colonies and border territories. These

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3
Q

The Treaty of Versailles

A

New democratic governments that emerged in Europe after the war floundered. People turned to authoritarian leaders to solve their economic and social problems

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4
Q

What war happened in Russia?

A

A civil war, resulting in the establishment of a communist state-called the Soviet Union

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5
Q

Who took over After V I enin died in 1924

A

Joseph Stalin (last name means made of steel)

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6
Q

What did Stalin create?

A

Creating a model communist state. He made both agricultural and industrial growth the prime economic goals of the Soviet Union.

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7
Q

What did Stalin abolish?

A

Privately owned farms and replaced them with collectives-large government owned farms that hundreds of families worked on

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8
Q

What did Stalin moved to transform the Soviet Union?

A

From a backward rural nation into a great industrial power.

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9
Q

In 1928, what did Stalin outline?

A

The first of several five year plans to direct the industrialization. All economic activity was placed under state management.

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10
Q

By 1937, what was the Soviet Union?

A

The world’s second largest industrial power. Surpassed in overall production only by the United States

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11
Q

What did Stalin do to eliminate problems

A

Killed anyone, even his most faithful supporters. He was responsible for the deaths of 8 million to 13 million people

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12
Q

Totalitarian government

A

When the government tried to exert complete control over its citizens. IN a totlitarian state,individuals had no rights, and the government suppresses all opposition

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13
Q

Who was Benito Mussolini-and where was he from?

A

He was a dictator in Italy who was establishing a totalitarian regime.

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14
Q

What was the economic problem in Italy

A

unemployment and inflation produced many bitter strikes so of which the communists led

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15
Q

What did the middle class and upper class do about these problems

A

Demanded stronger leadership-Mussolini took advantage of this situation

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16
Q

How did Mussolini take advantage of the situation?

A

He was a powerful speakers and he knew how to appeal to Italy’s wounded nation and pride. He played on fears of economic collapse and communism

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17
Q

What was Facism?

A

He stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals. To strengthen the nation, Fascists argued power must rest with a single strong leader and a small group of devoted party members

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18
Q

On October 1922

A

He marched on Rome with thousands of his followers who were called Black Shirts.

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19
Q

What happened when important government officials saw this-

A

The army and police sided with the Facists, and Mussolini was appointed by the King as head of government

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20
Q

What did Mussolini call himself?

A

II Duce or the leader. He extended the Fascist control to every aspect of Italian Life-made trains run on time and he crushed opposition to make Italy a totalitarian state

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21
Q

Who was the dictator in Germany?

A

Adolf Hitler who followed a path similar to Mussolini’s . He had been a jobless soldier drifting around Germany.

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22
Q

What did Hitler join?

A

The struggling National Socialist German Workers Party

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23
Q

What did Hitler do, to make himself more powerful?

A
  1. Called himself Der Fuhrer-the Leader
  2. Used proper public speaking skills and promised to bring Germany out of chaos
  3. Wrote Mein Kampf
  4. Set fourth the basic beliefs of Nazism that became the plan of action for the Nazi Party.
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24
Q

What was Nazism

A

It was an extreme brand of fascism based on extreme nationalism. Hitler wanted to unite all German speaking people in a great German empire

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25
Q

What did Hitler want to enforce?

A

Racial purification

  • Blonde Hair
  • Blue eyes

Aryans

Formed a aster face that was destined to rule the world. INferior races, such as Jews, Slavs, and non whites were only deemed to serve the Aryans

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26
Q

What was a third element of Nazism?

A

national expansion. Hitler believed that for Germany to thrive, it needed more lebensraum or living space

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27
Q

The Great Depression helped the Nazis come to power. Why was there a depression in Germany?

A

Because of the war debts and dependence on merican loans and investments. 6 million Germanys were unemployed and many who were joined Hitler’s private army.

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28
Q

By the mid 1932 what were the Nazis?

A

Germany’s most powerful political party. Hitler was appointed chancellor. When he was in power, Hitler dismanteled the Weimar Republic and establish the Third Reich

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29
Q

Halfway around the world, nationalistic military leaders were trying to take control of the imperial government of

A

Japan

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30
Q

What did the militarists do?

A

Launched a surprise attack on the Chinese province of Manchiria

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31
Q

Within a couple of months, what did the militarists have

A

Manchuria and al the resources

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32
Q

What was the League of Nations doing

A

trying to prevent aggressive acts. Japan quit the League. As the success of the invasion captivated the people, the militarists were in control!

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33
Q

What countries pulled their country out of the league

A

Japan, Germany,Italy

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34
Q

What did Hitler do

A

He began a military buildup in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. He sent troops to the Rhineland

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35
Q

What did Mussolini do?

A

He tried to invde Ethiopia. The League did nothing

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36
Q

Who was Francisco Franco

A

He led a group of Spanish army officers and rebelled against the Spanish repiblic

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37
Q

How did the Spanish civil war begin??

A

Revolts broke out over Spain.

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38
Q

Who came to fight against Franco

A

the 3000 Americans (including Abhraham Battalion)

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39
Q

What did other countries do?

A
  • Western countries remained neutral
  • Dictators backed Franco with stuff
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40
Q

Who won?

A

Franco

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41
Q

Kellogg Briand Pact

A

War would not be an instrument of national policy

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42
Q

Who was the Nye committee started by, and what did it do?

A

Started by ND Senator Gerald Nye

-Documenting the large profits that banks and manufactureres made during the war. (Because we had been dragged into WWI by investors, bankers, and arm dealers)

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43
Q

What did Americans want?

A

Isolationism they wanted to avoid the war.

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44
Q

What was the Reciprocal Trade Agreement?

A

Lowered trade barriers by giving the president the power to make trade agreements with other nations and was aimed at reducing tariffs by as much as 50 percent.

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45
Q

What was the Neutrality Act?

A

The first two out lawed arms sales or loans to nations at war. The third extended the ban to countries within a civil war.

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46
Q

What broke the neutrality acts?

A

Japan’s invasion of China-US helped them

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47
Q

On November 1937, what did Hitler do?

A

met secretly with his top military advisers.

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48
Q

What did he declare?

A

That he wanted Austria and Czechoslovakia in the Third Reich

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49
Q

One of Hitler’s advisor questioned his move into the two countries by saying that it could provoke war. What did Hitler respond with?

A

The German question can only be solved by means of force and this is never w ithout risk

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50
Q

What did the Paris Peace Conference create

A

A really small austria.

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51
Q

Hitler targeted Austria..why?

A

Because the majority of the citizens were Germans.

  • ON March 12, 1938 the German troops marched into Austria unopposed.
  • They announced the Anschluss or union with Austria.
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52
Q

What did the US do about the Union with Austria

A

Nothing

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53
Q

How many Germans lived in Czechoslovakia

A

3 million German speaking people lived in the western border regions called the Sudetenland

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54
Q

What did Hitler charge to the Czechs?

A

They were abusing the Sudeten Germans. He began massing troops on the border. There was a lot of yellow journalism going on with the Nazis

55
Q

Early in the Czechoslovakia crisis, what did France and Great Britain promise to do?

A

Protect them. But, when war seemed inevitable, Hitler invoted the French pemier Edouard Daladier and Neville Chamberlain to meet with him in Munih

56
Q

What did Hitler declare when Chamberlain and Daladier do,

A

They believed him (stupids)

57
Q

Who was Chamberlain

A

The british Prime minister

58
Q

Who was Chamberlain’s political rival

A

Winston Churchill

59
Q

What did Churchill think about the Munich Agreement (when Hitler promised not to take anymore land)

A

That it was shameful appeasement-or giving up principles to paciy an aggressor.

60
Q

What did Hitler set his eyes on next?

A

Poland

61
Q

What did Hitler say about Poland?

A

That they were mistreating German citizens. Now, people thought that he was bluffing

62
Q

What was the problem with Hitler’s lies for Poland?

A

That it might start war with Soviet Union or France and UK might come into the conflict because they gave military aid to poland

63
Q

What did Stalin sign, as tensions rose with Poland?

A

A Nonaggression Pact with Hitler.

64
Q

What did the Nonaggression pact say?

A

That Soviet Union and Germany would not fight. Also, Poland would be divided up between the two nations

65
Q

What was September 1, 1939 for Poland?

A

When the German Air Force poured bombs , also there were tanks that just took the country by Total

66
Q

What was Blitzkreig

A

Lightning war. It made use of fast tanks and powerful aircrafts to take the enemy by surprise and then crush them

67
Q

On September 3, what happened

A

France and GB declared war on Germany

68
Q

Why were the new tactics so good for the Germans>

A

Because Major fighting could be over in 3 weeks- even before France, Britain and allies could mount a defense

69
Q

What was the Maginot Line?

A

A system of forts that was built along France’s eastern border..

70
Q

What was the sitting war?

A

The Germans called it because France and GB were just waiting for something to happen

71
Q

Who was also fighting for more land?

A

Stalin

72
Q

Why did Hitler invade Denmark and norway?

A

To build naval bases to strike at GB

73
Q

The German offensive trapped almost _British and French soldiers as they fled to the beaches of Dunkirk on the French side of the English Channel

A

400,000

74
Q

How many GB and French soldiers went accross teh river?

A

330000

75
Q

What happened when Italy invaded on the side of Germany?

A

They invaded on the south side and the Germans closed in on Paris from the north

76
Q

On June 22, 1940 at Compiegne

A

Htler Handed France his terms of surrender.

77
Q

What were France’s terms of surrender?

A

That the Germans would control adn occupy the northern part of France and a Nazi controlled government headed by Marshal Petain would be set up at Vichy in the south

78
Q

Who was Charles De GAulle?

A

He was a French general who set up a government in exile after he fled to Englad

79
Q

In the summer of 1940, what did the Germans begin to assemble?

A

An invasion fleet along the French coast. The Germans also launched an air attack

80
Q

What was the German’s goal in the Battle of Britain?

A

To destroy the Royal Air Force.

81
Q

What ddi the RAF do?

A

They used the help of a new technological device called radar. They could plot the flight paths of german plans in darkness

82
Q

What did Hitler do after taking power in Germany?

A

Ordered all Non Aryans to be removed from government jobs. This was the first step to racial purification

83
Q

What was the Holocauset

A

The systematic murder of 6 million Jews across Europe.

84
Q

Why was there so much Anti-Semitism

A

Germans blamed them for all problems and failures. Hitler found that many Germans were willing to support his Anti Sematic beliefs.

85
Q

What was the Nuremberg Laws?

A

They stripped Jews of German citizenship, jobs, and property. Jews wer also required to wear a bright yellow star of David attached to their clothing

86
Q

What was Kristallnacht

A

The night of Broken Glass-Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes businesses and synagogues across the German Empire. 30,000 Jews were arrested and synagogues were burned. And then the Nazi’s blamed them this was on Nov. 9-10 1938

87
Q

What was a problem for Jewish emigration?

A

No country wanted them

88
Q

What was the plight of St. Louis

A

It was a German ocean liner that passed Miami-the coast guard made sure that no one disembarked. THey had to return to Europe

89
Q

What was Hitler’s genocide?

A

A policy of genocide.

90
Q

What were the other groups that Hitler wanted to eliminate

A

Gypsies, Jehovah’s WItnesses, Freemasons

They also targeted other Germans who they found to not be a part of the master race: homosexuals, mentally deficient, mentally ill, disabled, and incurably illl

91
Q

What were ghettos?

A

Segreagated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities. They were sealed off with barbed wires and stone walls

92
Q

What was life inside the ghettos like?

A

Miserable essentially: The bodies of victims piled up in the street and there were factories that bordered it where the people were forced to work for the German industry.

93
Q

Was there a resistance to the Germans?

A

Yes, some formed resistance by distributing underground newspapers. There were secret schools for Jewish Children that were set up and the theater and music groups continued to operate

94
Q

What were concentration camps?

A

They were labor camps. Originally they were used to imprison politial opponents and protestors.

95
Q

What were the prisoners held in

A

Crude wooden barracks that held up to a 1000 people each. They shared crowded quarters as well as meger meals with the rats and fleas. They were worked from day to night. Weak prisoners were killed

96
Q

What was one of the ways that Hitler exterminated Jews

A

poison gas

97
Q

What did the NAzis build in POland. What were they called?

A

6 Death Camps

  1. Chelmno
  2. Wannsee
  3. Auschwitz
  4. Belzec
98
Q

How did the Nazi’s try to cover up the evidence of their slaughter

A

They installed huge crematoriums to burn them. Some died when doctors experimented on them

99
Q

What did the survivors do?

A

They wrote books on past tales of their horror

100
Q

What did Roosevelt persuade Congress to pass

A

A Cash and carry provision that allowed warring nations to buy US Arms as long as they get paid cash and transported them in thier own ships

101
Q

Why did Roosevelt want to provide Arms?

A

This is because he argued that it would help Franceand GB defeat Germany and keep the US out of war

102
Q

What was passed in 1939

A

The Neutrality Act

103
Q

What did Germany, Italy, and Japan sign

A

A mutual defense unity known as the Tripartite Pact

104
Q

What did the the tripartite Pact become known

A

Axis Powers .

105
Q

What was the Tripartite Pact aimed to do?

A

Keep the United States out of the war. Under the treaty, each axis nation agreed to come to the defense of the others in case of attack. This meant that if the US were to declare war on any of the Axis powers, all three would fight

106
Q

What did Roosevelt ask Congress to increase

A

spending for National defense -Congress Did

107
Q

What was the Selective Training and Service Act?

A

16 million men that were required to register. 1 million men were to be drafted for 1 year but only allowed to serve in the Western Hemisphere

108
Q

Who was Roosevelt’s Republican opponent?

A

A public utility xecutive named Wendell Wilkie supported Roosevelt’s policy of supporting Britain, be was too similar to Roosevelt

109
Q

What did Roosevelt tell the US citizens during a fireside chat?

A

That he could not tame Germany

110
Q

What was the Lend Lease policy

A

THe president would lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the United States

111
Q

Lend Lease Act was passed in

A

March 1941

112
Q

What did Hitler do to Stalin?

A

Broke the agreement that he made not to invade the soviet union

113
Q

What did Roosevelt do for Stalin

A

Send him supplies, stating that if Hitler invaded Hell, then he and GB would be able to help the devil

114
Q

What did Hitler do in order to prevent more lend and lease acts?

A

He deployed hundereds of U Boats. At night, 40 submarines patrolled the the North Atlantic and in 1941, president Roosevelt gave permission to the navy to attack the U Boats

115
Q

What did Churchill hope for in the meeting with Roosevelt?

A

a military committment

116
Q

What was the Atlantic Charter?

A

It was a joint declaration of war aims. Both countries pledged the following-Collective Security,disarment, self determination, economic coorporation

117
Q

The Atlantic Charter became known as the what

A

United Nations-signed by 4/5 of the human race

118
Q

What did the German submarine fire

A

It fired the US destroyer Greer in the Atlantic 9/4/1941

119
Q

How did Roosevelt respond to the attacks

A

He ordered the ships to shoot the submarine on sight

120
Q

What were some other US attacks.

A
  1. The Pink Star-sunk off of Greenland
  2. Kearny torpedoed by a U-Boat
  3. Rueben James -U Boat
121
Q

Who was Hideki Tojo

A

chief of staff of Japan’s Kwantung Army launched by the Invasion into China

122
Q

What did Japan seize the opportunity to do?

A

Take over Dutch, British, and French colonies. Japan wanted unite all of East Asia.

123
Q

What countries did Japan want to take over?

A

Took over French militry bases in Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos)

124
Q

How did the United States Respond to Japan’s military agression

A

They cut off trade with Japan

125
Q

What did Japanese military leaders warn?

A

That without oil, Japan would be defeated. So, they must persuade the US to cut the embargo or to take over th Dutch East Indies

126
Q

Shortly after becoming th eprime minister of Japan, Hideki Tojo met with emporer Hirohito what did he promise

A

That Japan would attempt to preserve peace with the US

127
Q

The US military had broken Japan’s secret communication codes and learned what

A

That Japan was preparing for a strike

128
Q

What did President Roosevelt issue?

A

A war warning to military leaders in Guam, Hawaii, and the Philippines.

129
Q

ON Decemeber 6, 1941, what did President Roosevelt say

A

That Japan’s peace envoy to reject all American peace proposals.

130
Q

What was the attack on Pearl Harbor

A

On Dec. 7, a Jpanese dive bomber swooped low over Pearl Harbor the largest U. S. naval base in the Paciic. The bomber was followed by more the 180 Japanese warplanes launched from six aircraft carriers. The devestation was terrible

131
Q

What were the outcomes of the Pearl Harbor incident

A

Japanese had killed 2403 Americans

1178 were wounded.

21 ships sunk or damaged

8 battleships dead

300 aircraft carriers were severely damaged or destroyed.

132
Q

What was the Reaction to Pearl Harbor

A
  1. I nWashington, the mood was outrage to panic
  2. Roosevelt was in shambles
  3. The declaration of war was proclaimed.
133
Q
A
134
Q
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