Chapter 19.2 Flashcards
During the 1950s, what expanded
businesses
BY 1956, what jobs did most AMericans hold
They didnot hold industrial jobs. Many held clerical, managerial, or professeioal occupations
Unlike blue collar workers (industrial) they manufactured goods for sale ) What did white collar workers do
Services like sales, advertising, insurance, an dcommunications
Where did white collar workers preform their services
large coorperations or government agencies
What were conglomerates
Major coorperations that included a number of smaller coorperations
What was an exampple of conglomerates
Xerox, ITT, GE
What was a franchise
a company that offers services in many different locations
What was an example
McDonalds. They had a simple menu and Ray Kroc bout the rights to the franchise
Employees who had good pay and secure jobs sacrificed what
loss of individuality
What did businesses not want
Creative thinkers
What would companies do
Giver personality tests to people applying for jobs
What did coorperations reward people for
teamwork, coorperaiton, loyalty
Americans worked in cities but where did they live
Subarbs. They could afford autos and gas, highways
What was the baby boom
When the birthrate in the late 1940s soared. In 1957 an American infant was born every 7 seconds
What contributed to the baby boom
Reunion of husbands, decreasing of mrariage age, desirability of large families, economic prosperity, advances in medicine
What saved many lives
Vaccines
Who was Jonas Salk
Dr. That developed the vaccine for polio
Who was Benjamin Spock
Author, Pediatrician Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care sold nearly 10 million copies
What did Spock Advise
- Parents should not spank or sold children
- Hold meetings where children could express
- Mothers could stay at home
In 1958, how high were toy sales
1.25 billion
How many people enrolled in schools
10 millo, caused overcrowded schools and teacher shortages
What programs glorified hommakers
Father knows best, adventures of ozzie and harriet
What did women feel
They were not happy and felt bored. THe number of working moms increased
What were women’s roles
Nurses Teachers, and office support and they earned less
When they went to college, the women recieved what
little financial academic or psycological aid
in the 1950s, Americans had
more leisure
How much did Americans spend on leisure
30 million
People owned more labor saving devices likke
washers, dryers, dishwashers and lawn moters
What did Americans enjoy
Recreational activities (fishing, bowling, hunting, boating, golf)
Americans also
liked to read
During WWII the US gov rationed supplies, now
it was inexpensive, plentiful fuel for consumers, Americans bought cars in record numbers
Why ddi American sgo automanic
suburbs didn’t offer public transporation. Schools,s tores, synagogues, churches, doctors, dentists are not walking distances from eachother
Automania spurred
local and states governmnets to construct roads
The interstate highway act, authorized by president eisenhower
Authorized the building of a nation highway network
What did highways make possible
highspeed long haul trucking
What started to declune
commericial use of railroads
Towns prospered if they
were along railroads. Towns along smaller roads experieenced a hard time
What did the auto industry provide
Job, drive in movies, resteraunts, malls
What problems did cars cause
pollution, traffic jams, raising stress leves, people left cities, income gape widened, public transport declined
What was consumerism
buying material goods / came to be equated with sucess
What goods appeared in the market
many product after product. House hold appliances, washers dryers, blenders, freezers, dishwashers. Rec: TV tape recorders, record players, casual clothing, BQ grills, swimming pools, lawn decorations
PLanned obsolescence
Manufacturers designed products to become outdated
What happened as a result
Americans became a throwaway society
What ddi consumers purchase goods on
Credit card, installment plans. There were mortgages, and car loans
What happened to debt
It grew
Who issued the first credit card
Diners Club
What did advertising encourage
Spending
Where could you see advertisements
Newspaper, magazine, radio, TV, billboards
Advertisers spent 6-9 billion dollars in 1950 trying to
convince poeple to buy things they didn’t need
Advertising appealed to people’s
desire of belongingness
Ads used
TV and prices went up
