Chapter 22.1 Vietnam Flashcards
When did American’s involvement in Vietnam begin
In 1950, when the French Indochina War was going on. This was France’e attempt to reestablish rule in Vietnam
Befre the War, France had ruled Vietnam now it was _ to _
Seeking British Aid to regain control
Vietnam had resisted _____ occupation and they were going to __–
Japanese occupation, and they were going to fight th eFrench
What did the United States do for the French
Provided them with massive economic and military support
Why did the US help France
Because they wanted to seek better ties with France and fight communism
From how long did the French rul Vietnam
late 1800d until WWII. France ruled Vietnma, Laos, an dCambodia
French colonists built plantations on
peasant lands and extracted rice and rubber for their profits
What did the colonists do, an dhow did Vietnam react
Extracted rice, and rubber extracted for profits. Peasants unrest
What did the French gov. do that caused growing opposition
The jailed Vietnamise nationalists and restricted freedom of speech and assembly
When was the Indochinese Communist party ormed
in 1930
Communists staged
Many revolts under Ho Chi Minh
The French commended Ho Chi Minto
death for rebelliou sactivity
What did Ho Chi Minh do, when he was supposed to die
He fled Vietnam and orchestrated the growing independance movement from the Soviet Union, later china
In 1940, who took control of Vietnam
The japanese
In 1941, who returned home
Ho Chi Minh, to help to form the Vietninh
What was the Vietminh
An organization whose goal was to help win Vietnams independence
The vietnimhs goal was a reality when WWII was won. On sept 2, 1945, what did Ho Chi MInh say to a growd in hanoi
That vietnam was free
By the end of 1945, what happened in Vietnam
French troops moved back and eventually regained control of many cities
What Did the French do?
They moved back into Vietnam by the end of 1945 and eventually regained control of the cities and the country’s southern half
How did Ho Chi Minh react to the French invasion
He vowed to fight from the north
In 1950, what did the United States do?
Entered the conflict despite Peter Dewey’s warning
How much did Truman send to France
15 million in economic aid
Over the next four years (1940-1941) how much did the US pay in France’s War
1 billion
What was Vietname once
The united stataes ally/They had forged an alliance with Ho Chi Minh to resist the Japanese
When he entered the presidency, President Eisenhower did what
Continued to send supplies during the French war
At this point. the US had been stiffeened to halt communist spread because of
the stalemate of Korea
Domino Theory
Eisenhower linked and likened all countries on the brink of communism countries as a row of dominos, that would fall one after another
Even though the French were helped by the US
They had to surrender when the Vietminh overran the French outpost at Dien Bien Pho
From mAy-July 1953, what countries met with Vietminh and anti communist South Vietnam in Geneva to work out a peace treaty
France, GB, USSR, USA, CHINA, LAOS, CAMBODIA
Geneva Accords
Temporary Divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel. The Communist leaders Ho Chi Minh in the north Hanoi and the Anti communists down south
In the wake of France’s retreatm what did the US do
They helped the country more. Especially the Kennedy and Eisenhower administration. They provided economic and military aid for SV
What election was called for in 1956,
one to reunify Vietnam
Even though he directed brutal and repressive regime how did Ho Chi Minh win support
Broke large estates and redistributed land for the peasants
The Japanese and French had made Ho Chi Minh what
a hero
Who was South Vietnam’s Presiden t
Hgo Dinh Diem, a stron ganti communist
Why did Diem not want to participate in teh elections
He thought that Ho chi Minh might win. The US also sensed this and supported cancelling the elections
What did the Eisenhower administration promise Diem
Military aid and training in exchange for a stable reform government in the South
What type of government did Diem usher in
A corrupt government that opposed opposition. He restricted Budhist practices
IN 1957, what communist group was enforcing itself
The Vietcong. They had started attacking thousands of South Vietnamese government officials
The Vietcong was later called:
The national liberation front but it was refered to as the Vietcong
How did Ho Chi Minh help the Vietcong
Support in 1959,began supplying arms to the Vietcong via a network of paths along the boarders of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia known as the Ho chi Minh Trail
Why did South Vietnam grow more unstable
In creased Vietcong surprise attacks or guerilla tactics
The eisenhower admin had to decide whether to sink or swinm with Diem. What did the Kennedy Administration do
Swim
What were accusations to the Democrats
They were soft on Communism
How did Presiden tKennedy react to thse accusations
Increased financial aid to Diem’s regime. And sent many military advisors. By the end of 1963, 16,00 US troops (military personal ) were i nSouth Vietnam
Why did Diem’s popularity plumet
Because of ongoing corruption and his failure to respond to calls for land reform
How did Diem combat the Vietcong’s presence in the South’s countryside
Moved villagers to protected areas
Why did the Vietnamise reject Diem’s Hamlet plan
They had to leave thier homes
Diem was fed up with Buddhist demonstrations. What did he do
Imprisoned and killed hundreds of Buddhist clerics and destroyed temples
How di dBuddhists protest
They burned themselves. US wanted Diem to stop, but he did not
On Nov. 1, 1963
A US supported military coup toppled the administration
Kennedy did not support this, but the US did
Diem’s Assasination
Shortly before his death, JFK wanted to
withdraw from Vietnam
After Diem’s death, what happened?
Military leaders attempted to lead the country but each regime was inefficient and unstable
What was growing
The vietcong
On August 2, 1964
A north Vietnamese patrol boat fired a torpedo at an american destoryer the Maddox
The Attacks on and from the maddox promoted
LBJ to launch a string of bombing on North Vietnam he asked for powers to repel attacks
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Gave the president broad military powers
What did Johnson not tell people
That hte US had been conducting secret raids on North Vietnam
