Chapter 8/9 Flashcards
African Americans exercised their new rights during reconstruction.
Voter Restrictions
Imposed new voting restrictions. There were literacy tests, and they were asked
more difficult questions the whites. Also, they had to pay the poll tax. In addition, the grandfather
clause allowed them to vote if their grandfather had been eligible to vote before Jan. 1 1867
What were racial segregation laws?
Imposed new voting restrictions. There were literacy tests, and they were asked
more difficult questions the whites. Also, they had to pay the poll tax. In addition, the grandfather
clause allowed them to vote if their grandfather had been eligible to vote before Jan. 1 1867
Plessy vs. Ferguson
separate but equal was legal.
What were some racial ettiqute lawas
Moderate Reformers like Booker T. Washington earned support
from whites. They also thought improving skills of blacks would help in long term gains. Ida B. Wells
and W.E.B. Du Bois thought that the problems of inequality were to urgent.
Black people were lynched.
Also, the Aas that lived in the north were segregated because of job competition.
Mexicans were hired to construct railroads. They did not make much money, but became vital for
irrigation. Debt Peonage:
was when they had to be enslaved in order to pay off a debt.
What were things that happened for Chinese
Chinese were excluded and segregated. It became very bad because it posed legal and economic
problems for the non whites
-4 Goals of Progressivism:
- Promoting social welfare
- Promoting moral improvement
- Creating economic reform
- Fostering efficiency
Aimed to target large cooperations and correcting social injustices
Protecting Social Welfare
-wanted to soften harsh conditions of industrialization
Social Gospel
settlement houses helped the poor through community centers.
-YMCA
opened libraries, classes, and swimming/handball courts
Salvation Army
donated used clothes, and fed people in soup kitchens. They also provided nurseries
and made sure that immigrant homes were good/ the people were instructed on temperence.
Florence Kelley
became an advocate for improving the lives of women and children.
Florance Kelley
became an advocate for improving the lives of women and children.
Illinois Factory Act
prohibited child labor and restricted women working hours (1893)
Promoting Moral Improvement
-Reformers felt that morality held a key to improving life.
-Prohibition: the banning of alcoholic beverages was one such program. The people feared the alcohol
was undermining American morals. So, the Woman’s Christian Temperance Movement entered saloons,
singing, praying, and urging people not to drink.
Frances Willard formed it. They Did Everything
-Carry Nation destroyed bottles of liquo
Economic Reform
As moral reformers sought to change the individual behavior, economic reform wanted to change the
economy.
The Panic of 1893
caused some question of the capitalistic system.
Eugene V. Debs organized the American socialist party
-Muckrakers: journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of businesses and public life.
Fostering Efficiency
Wanted to make the workplace more efficient
– Fredrick Winslow Taylor began using time and motion studies to improve efficiency. Breaking
one big task into smaller tasks. This was called scientific management. Henry Ford reduced the
work day to 8hrs and payed 5 dollars a day. This is because assembly lines required people to
work like machines.
Cleaning Up Local Government
Political Bosses bought votes with favors and bribes.
-Natural disasters played a role in reforming government. This is because depending on how the
politicians did, there could be new people appointed.
Hazen Pingree (Detroit)
He concentrated on economics. Instituted a fairer tax structure. Lowered fares
for public transportation, rooted out corruption, system of relief for the unemployed. Also, he built
schools, parks, and municipal lighting system.
Tom Johnson
One of the 19 socialist mayors who worked to institute progressivism. This meant
getting rid of big businesses investment of utilities like gasworks, waterworks, and transit lines and
make them part of gov. Also, they wanted to play a larger role in the gov. (citizens).
Robert M. La Follette:
led the way of getting rid of big biz. He wanted to get the
companies out of the gov. He targeted the railroad industry. Taxed RR property the same as other bizs.
And he forbade free passes.
Working Children
Child Labor was common because they were cheap and easy
-Immigrants sent their children to work because of low money
-Serious health problems
-National Child Labor Committee sent investigators. They pressured national politicians to pass
the Keating Owen Act in 1916 which prohibited transportation across state lines of goods produced
with child labor. Although declared unconstitutional, child labor was banned.
1908 Miller v. Oregon
it was argued that working women were much more economically insecure.
They should be protected and work only 10 hours.
Bunting v. Oregon (1917)
10 hour work day for men. They also made it so there were benefits
What did women do before the civil war?
The women mostly stayed at home taking care of the house. Soon, poor women
had to work.
