Challenges and Changes of the Civil Rights movement Flashcards
By 1965, what happened
Civil Rights groups began to drift apart. The attention turned to the north
De Facto Segregation
Segregation that exists by practice and custon
De Facto Segregation
Segregation that exists by practice and custon
De Jure Segregation
Segregation that exists by law
What are the main differences between the two types of Segregation
De Jure Requires changing the law
De Fato: Requires changin gideas
When did De Facto Segregation intensify
when AAs migrated to the north after WWII
What did the white flight cause
Most urban AAs to live in poor slums and paying rent to land lotds that didn’t comply with housing and health ordinances. The unemployment rates were high, and schools were deteriorated
What were schools for AAs like
They were bad
Why were black people angry
because of brutal treatment
MLK tried to change de Facto segregation in Chicago and it..
FAILED
In the mid 1960s, what were interactions between blacks and whites like
Confrontations increased between white authority and the blacks.
Where were some riots
NYC, Harlem, A 15 year old died
There were riots even after the Voting Rights were passed. But why did Black violence baffle many people
Because they were wondering why they were so violent after gaining an important victory
What did Riots Cause?
millions of dollars in damage.
Malcolm X
Born Malcol Little, went to jail at age 20 for burgulary. Studied teachings of Elijah Muhammed from the Nation of Islam
Malcol Little Changed his name to
Malcol X and he became an Islamic Minister. Gaining followers, he preached Mohammeds Views
Malcolm X’s views appealed to many African Americans because
of growing racial pride.He advocated Self Defense
What was Malcolm X so popular
- His call for armed defense frightened many
- Also, he was resented because of his beliefs
On March 1964, Malcolm X did what
Broke with Elijah Mohammed over views. He formed another organization and gave ballot of bullet speech.
In Mecca, what did X learn about
Orthodox Islam preached racial equality. He explained that if they didn’t use the ballots to cast their vote, they would be forced to use the bullot.
After his pilgrimage what did Malcolm x Do?
He saw white people as his brothers
On Feb 21, 1965 what happened
Malcolm X was killed
In early June 1966,
tensions between civil rights groups erupted
James Meridith wnated to walk from TN to Jackson, but he was
injured
MLK of SCLC, Floyed McKissick of CORE and Stockley Caramichael of SNCC decided to
march, to continue what Meridith had started: it was started because the SNCC and other civil rights grups had erupted in Misissipi
During their March, what did the SNCC and CORE do?
They became militent and shouted slogans similar to Malcolm C.
Instead of saying we shall overcome, they said
We shall overrun
Why did Police in Greenwood Mississippi arrest Stokley Caramichael?
Because he set up a tent on the grounds of an all black high school.
Soon after his arrest, Caramichael showed up at a rally, and his face was all swollen. He told black people that :
Black people should define their goals and lead their own organizations.
What did Caramichael want SNCC to stop doing
Recruiting whites
In Oakland California, in 1966, what group was founded and by who
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded a political party known as the Black Panthers
What was the goal of the Black Panthers
To fight police brutality in the ghetto.
What did the Party advocate?(Black Panthers)
Advocated self defense for AA communities as well as full employment and decent housing.
The Black Panther Members maintained that
The African Americans should be exempt from military service because of an unfair number of black youths had been drafted to serve in Vietnam
What did the Black Panthers dress in
Black leather jackets, black berets, and sun glasses.
What did the Black Panthers sell
Copies of the Writings of Mao Zedong, leader of the Chinese Communist Revolution
Give examples of violence that occured between Panthers and police
Shootouts, and there were som illegal tactices used to conduct investigations
Overall, what were the goals of the Black Pantjers
Establishmentod day care centers, free breakfast programs, free medical clinics, assitance to the homeless and other services
Martin Luther king objected to Black power because
He thought it would causegreif
On April 3, 1968 King addressed a croud in
Memphis
On April 4, 1968 what happened to Kin g
he was assasinated
Who killed King
James Early Ray
King’s Death Sparked
Riots
On march 1, 1968, the Kerner Commission which Johnson appointed to study the causes of Urban Violece determined that
The main causes of the violence –issued in a 200,000 word repoint was white racism
What did the kerner Report Call for?
The nation to create new jobs, construct new housing and end de facto segregation in order o wipe out the destructive ghetto environment
What did the Johnson Admin do about the Kerner Recommandations
ignored them
The civil rights movement ended de jure segregation b y bringing about legal protection for the civil rights of al Americans, Congress passed the Civil Rights of 1968
Ended discrimination in housing, after school segregation ended, the numbers of African americans who finished high school and who went to college increased. This lead to better jobs and buisness opportuninty
By 1970, what percentae og African Americans were registered to vote
2/3 of eligible ones. The Number of people in office grew larger
As Civil Rights turned to the 1970s, what were some of the issues that it faced
It faced housing and job discrimination, educational inequality, poverty, racism and involved changin peoples attitudes
Public Sypport for the Civil Rights
Declined
Lack of jobs..
Was a serious problem for African Americans whose poverty rate was 3 times that of white people
To help equalize education and job opportunities, the government in the 1960s began to promote
Affirmative Action: Programs that involve making special efforts to hire or enroll groups that have suffered discrimination.
Many colleges and companies adopted affirmative actions, but it was soon criticized
