Chapter 17.1

Question 1

What did Japan attack the United States with the expectation of?

Answer 1

That they would shrink from further conflict. The Japan Times boasted that the US was reduced to a third rate power.

Question 2

What motivated the United States (slogan)

Answer 2

Remember Pearl Harbor!

Question 3

After Pearl Harbor, eager Young, American;s did what?

Answer 3

They jammed recruiting offices

Question 4

However, even though 5 million people volunteered for duty, what was the problem

Answer 4

They were not enough to face and fill all the spots needed in a two front war

Question 5

What did the Selective Service System Do?

Answer 5

Expanded teh draft and provided another 10 million soldiers.

Question 6

What did the volunteers and draftees report to?

Answer 6

military bases around the country for eight weeks of basic training. IN this short period, they were turned into battle ready GIS

Question 7

According to Seargent Deb Myers

Answer 7

there was more to basic training than teaching a recruit how to stand at attention, march in step, handle a rifle and follow orders

Question 8

What did George marshall do?

Answer 8

He pushed for the formation of a Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps

In a quote, he says “ There are innumerable duties now being performed by soldiers that can be done better by women .

Question 9

Under the WAAC bill, what would women s do?

Answer 9

They would serve in noncombat positions

Question 10

Despite opposition from some members of Congress, when was the bill establishing the WAAC passed

Answer 10

May 15, 1942

Question 11

In July 1943, what happened

Answer 11

US Army dropped the auxiliary status and gave the US Army benefits. The women worked as nurses ambulance drivers, radio operators, eectricians, and piolets

Question 12

What were minority groups

Answer 12

African Americans, Native Americans, and Mexican Americans, as well as Asian Americans

Question 13

What were dilemmas that these groups faced

Answer 13

Restricted to racially segregated neighborhoods and reservations. Denied basic citizenship rights,

Question 14

What did many minority groups question

Answer 14

Why fight for democracy for a country when we don’t even have it.

Question 15

How many Mexican Americans joined the amerd forces?

Answer 15

300,000. They only made up 1/10 of LAs population, but were 5th of the cities all time war casualties

Question 16

How many African American’s served in the military

Answer 16

about 1 million.

Question 17

How did African Americans serve in the military

Answer 17

They lived and worked in segregated units. They were limited to noncombat roles. AA did finally see combat beginning in April 1943

Question 18

Asian Americans took part in the struggle as well. How many Chinese and Japanese severed

Answer 18

C: 13,000

J: 33,000

Question 19

What role did Japense Americans SPECIFICALLY ask to play

Answer 19

Many were spies and interpreters in the Pacific

Question 20

How many Native Americans enlisted in the armed services?

Answer 20

25000..800 women

Question 21

How did Industry respond to the cries

Answer 21

The nation’s automobile plants reversed to produce tanks, boats, planes and command cars. So did many other factories

Question 22

In 1942, Henry J. Kaiser built 7 ships at an astonishing rate. What were methods that he used?

Answer 22

Prefabricated, factory mdae parts that could be quickly assembled at his shipyards. Equally important were his workers

Question 23

When the war began, defense contractors warned the Selective Service System tat

Answer 23

The nation did not have enough workers to meet both its military adn industrial needs

Question 24

By 1944 how many workers were there>

Answer 24

About 18 million workers

Question 25

More than 6 million workers were what?

Answer 25

Women

Question 26

At first, what did war industries fear?

Answer 26

That women lacked the stamia and strength for factory work.

Question 27

How many minority members did defense plants hire?

Answer 27

2 million. At the beginning of the war, minorities faced strong prejudice

Question 28

Who was A. Phillip Randolph?

Answer 28

He was the president and founder of the Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car Porters. He was an admired leader

Question 29

What did Randolph do?

Answer 29

He marched to WDC demanding that loyal blacks got the right to work and fight for their country. He didn’t back down.

Question 30

What did FDR say?

Answer 30

That employers and labor unions had to provide for the full and equitable participatin of workers in the defense industries

Question 31

In 1941, what did Roosevelt create?

Answer 31

The office of Scientific Research and Development.

Question 32

What was the purpose of the OSRD

Answer 32

to mobilie scientists into the war effort.

Question 33

How did the OSRD help?

Answer 33

It brought new improvements in radar and sonar, ne technologies for locaiting subs. Aso, it encouraged the use of pesticides to fight body lice. They also developed the Manhattan Project

Question 34

What was the Manhattan Project?

Answer 34

A secret mission that built an atomic bomb, after a warning that the Germans were working on one too. Roosevelt created an Advisory Committeee on Uraniium. This was a dead secret

Question 35

What wsa the Office of Price Administration

Answer 35

Fought inflation by freezing wages, prices, and rents. It rationed food such as meat, butter, cheese, veggies, sugar, and coffee

Question 36

What was the National War Labor Board

Answer 36

It limited wage increases, allowed negotiaged benefits such as paid vacation, pensions, and medical insurance. It kept unions stable by forbidding workers to change unions

Question 37

What was the War Production Board

Answer 37

IT rationed fuel and materials vital to the war effort such as gas, heating oil, metals, rubber, and plastic

Question 38

Department of Treasury

Answer 38

Issued war bonds to raise money for the war effort and to fight inflation

Question 39

Revenue Act of 1942

Answer 39

Raised the top personal income tax rate to 88% Added lower and middle income Americans to the income tax rolls

Question 40

Smith-Connally Antistrike Act

Answer 40

Limited the right to strike in industries crucial to the war effort

Gave the president power to take over striking plants

Question 41

Rationing established what>

Answer 41

By the OPA, set fixed allotments of goods deepmed essential to the military. Some people saw it as hard (especially in the west)