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SocialStudies > 20.1 > Flashcards

20.1 Flashcards

1
Q

In 1960, President Eisenhower’s 2nd term wasdrawing to a close, what was the mood like in the US

A

People were restless because of

  1. Suputnik I., Soviet Long Range Missiles
  2. American imlitary was falling behind
  3. U-2
  4. Cuba and Communism
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2
Q

What did (D) Kennedy promise

A

To get America moving again

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3
Q

What did V. P Richard Nixon build his plaform on

A

Eisenhower’s popularity

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4
Q

How did the canidates differ in policy decisions

A

They had similar ones

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5
Q

What put Kenneday in the lead

A

TV and CivilRights Issues

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6
Q

How did Kennedy Have an advantage

A

He had a well organized campaign. He had a wealthy family. He was handsom, charismatic

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7
Q

What was the issue with Kennedy?

A

He was young and many felt that he was inexperienced

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8
Q

What was the isue with Kennedy’s religion?

A

He was Roman Catholic and many people thought that pope would influence American policie, coler ties between the Church and States

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9
Q

How did Kennedy combat fears of his religion

A

Hi discussed it openly

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10
Q

What was one event that determined the course of the election

A

On Sept 26, 1960 70 million TV viewers watched the first televised Presidential Debate

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11
Q

During the debate, what were some topics of discussion

A

POlicy. Nixon hoped to reveal Kennedys Inexperience)

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12
Q

How did Kennedy do in the debate?

A

Well. He was coached by TV producers and and spoke better the Kennedy.

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13
Q

What did Kennedy’s success in the debate launch

A

THE TV AGE

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14
Q

What was another major event that took place during the campaign

A

Police in Atlanta Georgia arrenst MLK JR and and 33 other African American demonstrators for sitting at a segregated lunch counter. King was sentenced to hard labor for a traffic violation

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15
Q

What did the Eusenhower admin do about the MLK incident

A

Nothing. Nixon refused to interven e

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16
Q

What did Kennedyy do about MLA

A

JFK telephoned Coretta Scott King to express sympathy. Robert Kenned (brother and campaign manager persuaded Kings judge to release the leader on bail and call forr appeal

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17
Q

How did the Kennedy actions during the MLK incident influence the election.

A

It helped him

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18
Q

What did Kennedy’s innaguaration set the tone for

A

A new era at the white house: One of elegance, grace and wit

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19
Q

Who did Kennedy invite to his innaguration?>

A

100 writers, artists, scientist, opera singer like Marion Anderson

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20
Q

What is Kennedy’s most famous quote?

A

And so mu fellpw Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do fo ryour country

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21
Q

What did the Kennedy’s innaguration set the tone for

A

A new era at the white house of grace, elegance, and wit

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22
Q

During his term, what di dthe Kennedys do

A

Jackie invited lots of artists and actors.

John appeared on TV

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23
Q

What did the press like about JFK

A

He had wit and charm

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24
Q

What did critics of JFK say he lacked

A

substance

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25
Q

How did JFK captivate the PIblic

A

They learned that he could read 1600 words a minute. Many enrolled in speed reading classes

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26
Q

How did the First Lady fascinated the nation

A

Wither her eye for fashion. culture.

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27
Q

What did newspapers fill their pages with

A

Pictures and stories of Caroline and JOhn

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28
Q

What was Kennedys white house compared to

A

Camelot

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29
Q

What did Kennedy surround himself with

A

The brightest and best team.

This included McGeorge Bundy, a harvard university dean as National security advisor

Robert McNamara: President of Ford Motor company as secretary of defense

Dean Rusk president of the Rockefeller foundation as secretary of state

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30
Q

Who did kennedy rely on most

A

Robert Kennedy: attorney General

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31
Q

At the beginning of his administration, what did Kennedy focus on most?

A

COld War

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32
Q

What did Kennedy conclude the Soviets were doing?

A

Gaining Loyalties in 3rd world countrie of Asia Africa Lantin America. He blasted republicans for allowing this to happen

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33
Q

What did Kennedy believe was the nations most urgent task

A

To redefine the nations nuclear strategy

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34
Q

What was the Eisenhower administartion s policy for nuclear strategy

A

Massive retaliation to deter Soviet aggression and imperialism. Kennedy didn’t want to use nuclear weapons for a minor conflict

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35
Q

What was Kennedy’s policy

A

Felxible Response where he increased defense spending in order to boost conventional military forces-nonnuclear forces such as troos, ships, and artilery. An elite branch of the army was teh Greeen Berets. He tripled the overall nuclear capabilities of the US

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36
Q

What did the changes enable the US to do

A

Fight all over the world in limited wars while maintaining nuclear balance with the Soviets.

37
Q

About 2 weeks before Kennedy took offfice on Jan 3, 1961 what did Pres. Eisenhower do

A

Cut of diplomatic relations with Fidel Castro

38
Q

What did Fidel Castro openly declare himself as

A

A Communist and welcomed aid from the Soviets

39
Q

How did Castro gain power

A

with the promise of democracy

40
Q

From 1951-1956 what did Castro do

A

Led a guerill amovement to overthrow the dictator Fulgeriao Batista

41
Q

In 1959 after he won control of Cuba, what did Castro tell reporters

A

Revolutions are not born, they are mdae up of poverty, inequality, and dictatorship

42
Q

What did the US do to the new gov. of cuba

A

They were suspiscious of Castros intentions but recognized it

43
Q

What did Castro do, once he established power

A

Seized 3 american and british refinaries and broke up commercial farms into communes that would be worked by formerlly landless peasant s

44
Q

As a result of Castros actions, what did American sugar companies do?

A

They appealled to the US government for help ( They controlled 75% of the crop land in Cuba)

45
Q

Wht did Castro rely on

A

Soviet aid and politcal repression

46
Q

What were some views on Castro

A

They were taken by his charism and wilingness to stand uo to the US. OThers saw him as a tyrant

47
Q

How much of Cuba’s population went into exile?

A

They went to Miami, 10%

48
Q

In March 1960, what did Pres. Eisenhower give permission to the CIA to do?

A

To train Cubane xiles for an invasion of Cuba

49
Q

What did the CIA and eiles hope?

A

That the invasion would trigger a mass upriseing and would overthrow castro

50
Q

When did Kennedy learn of the Bay of Pigs

A

Nine days after the election. But, he approved it

51
Q

On April 17, 1961 how many Cuban exiles landed on the southern coast at the Bay of Pigs

A

1300-1500 all were backed by the military

52
Q

What happened to the Air Strikes that were going to knock out the CUban air force

A

They failed

53
Q

What did the CIA report about the air strike

A

That it succeeded

54
Q

What was sent to distract Castro’s forces

A

A small advance group that never reached shore

55
Q

What happened to the main unit who landed on shore

A

They lacked American support and it faced 25,000 CUban troops

56
Q

Who were the Cubans backed by

A

Soviet tanks and jets

57
Q

What happened to the exiles

A

Some were killed, others were imprisoned.

58
Q

How did the CUbanmedia respond to this

A

“The defeat of MOrth Ameircan Menicerairis

59
Q

What was the US

A

We looked like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and imcompetents to the others

60
Q

How did Kennedy react

A

He accepted blame, but privately wondered how the CIA and others could be so wrong

61
Q

Kennedy did what to Castro

A

Negotiated for the release of the exiles for 53 million ransom in food and medical supplies

62
Q

What did Kennedy sayafter the bOP

A

That he would resist further communist expansion in the western hemisphere

63
Q

What did Nikita Khruscheve Promise

A

To defend Cuba with soviet arms

64
Q

During the summer of 1962, what happened

A

The flow to Cuba of Soviet weapons including nuclear missiles

65
Q

What did Kennedy say about the flow of nuclear weapons

A

America would not tolerate nuclear weapons in Cuba

66
Q

On Oct 14, what did photos taken by American planes reveal

A

Soviet missile bases in Cuba with missiles ready to launch

67
Q

What did Kennedy tell the American people on Oct 20, 1962

A

He told them about the missiles. For 6 days, everyone thought that there would be a full scale nuclear war

68
Q

When Soviet sships went back and forth, what did people think

A

That they were carrying nuclear weapons to cuba

69
Q

What did the U.S’s Navy do

A

Prepared a quarantine to Cuba and stationed 100,00 troops in Florida

70
Q

What was the stationing of troops in Florida.

A

The largest assembling of troops ever.

71
Q

What was the first break in teh crisis

A

Soviet ships stopped suddenly to avoid a confrontation at sea

72
Q

What did Khruschev offer

A

To remove all missiles fro Cuba if the US pledged not to attack the island

73
Q

What the US secretly agree to

A

To remove missiles from Turkey

74
Q

How was Khruschev’s prestige

A

Severely damageed

75
Q

After the missile crisis, how was kennedy criticized

A

for practicing brinksmanship when private talks might have happened. He passed up an opportunity to get cuba

76
Q

What did Cuban exiles do

A

blamed democrats and many switched to the republican party

77
Q

What was the agreement that the US and Cuba had

A

That cubans could join reletives in teh United states

78
Q

What guided JFK through teh CUban missile crisis

A

He wanted to proove to Khruschev and the world that he would contain communism

79
Q

What was the Berlin Wall

A

A concrete wall topped with barbed wire. In the

80
Q

In the 11 years since the Berlin Airlift, what percent of GDR had fled to the FDR

A

20% or 3 million

81
Q

What did the refugees advertise

A

The failure of the communist gov and it weakened the exonomy

82
Q

Khruschev had to solve the problem of Berlin. At a summitt in Vienna, in June 1961, he threatened to close all roads; acces to Berlin

A
83
Q

What did Kennedy say to khruschev

A

He would not give up West Berlin.Even though Nicki was annoyed, JFK told americans that they wouldn’t leave

84
Q

When was the Berlin Wall built

A

August 13, 1961

85
Q

What showdowns did JFK and Khruschev show

A

The gravity of splitsecond descisions

86
Q

What was teh hotline

A

a phone between the 2 leaders so that they could communicate

87
Q

The Limited Test Ban Treaty

A

Barre nuclear testing in the atomospher e

88
Q
A

SocialStudies (46 decks)

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