Survival of Protestantism (Henry)

Question 1

Before 1527- the Lollards

Answer 1

Before the break from Rome they were a religious group led by John Wycliffe that criticized some of the practices and corruption of the Catholic Church Focused on translating Bible to English- mainly in London, South-East and Coventry and Bristol.
Seen as heretics and persecuted.
Small number and limited threat.
Similar ideas to P reformers and therefore brought reforms later.

Question 2

Protestant Influences from 1520s

Answer 2

Erasmus- humanist writer/clergyman and wanted reform not to destroy C practices.

John Colet (Similar Views to above) founded St Paul’s School in London 1509- influence pupils who became evangelicals reformers 1520 and 30s.

Both gave thinkers who did want substantial change and unwittingly gave arguments and ideas. BOTH CATHOLIC

Martin Luther- German Monk/ thinker- Luther Reformation- coherent arguments against C. Corruption, liturgy, customs/practices and doctrine.
Influenced in 1520’s- (Tyndale), Coverdale, (Latimer), (Cranmer) (attacked beliefs, Transub, authority of Pope)

• P ideas began to be taken up be scholars at O/C and schools.

P evangelical Reformers began to influence H and listened by H court- Cromwell, Sir Antony Denny, Anne Boleyn

Question 3

Anne Boleyn

Answer 3

Influenced Henry directly.
Held out for marriage and annulment and supported Royal Supremacy.
Reformist ideas of church hierarchy and Pope and senior clergy- suited them- annulment.

Position to appoint reformers- Cranmer, Latimer, Shaxton, William Barlow (personal chaplains).
Promoted to Bishops- 1534-36.
Matthew Parker (last for Anne)- Elizabeth- Arch of Canterbury 1558
Cromwell- replaced W and was Anne’s ally in annulment and marriage (1533).

Owned reformist books (illegal and could be prosecuted) Tyndale- translation of new testament and heled him with money to circulate books.
FRENCH BIBLE

Question 4

By Henry’s death in 1547

Answer 4

MAJORITY C- 80-90%
However, Act if 10 Articles 1536 did enforce a more moderate P and attacked C e.g. removed some feast days and bible in English.

Dissolution 1536-40- took C main source of life away.
Reformation Parliaments.

Protestantism was very much in law however the Act if 6 Articles 1539 reinforce C doctrines such as transub and celibacy- key practices.
King’s Bible 1543- importance of the mass to pray for the souls of the dead and teaching book (not bible).
CROMWELL IS DEAD!!
Now P at court were at risk of persecution.

Religious clampdown- radical preachers arrested and executed for heresy.

The North was still very much Catholic.
The South East, London, Oxford was more Protestant conformity.

ONLY KEY CHANGES TO STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION.