Architecture Flashcards
Where is architecture change obvious and where is less obvious but there?
In the many surviving stately homes built by Tudor Nobility.
Houses of those lower social status also underwent considerable alterations.
Why was Henry VIII special and give examples?
Only Tudor monarch to build new palaces- 1530s began building Nonsuch Palace (Surrey) and ambitious and expensive rebuilding plans at Whitehall and Bridewell.
What were nobility increasingly influenced by, give examples?
Humanist and European ideas on architecture, build extravagantly e.g. Somerset House (earliest) built on the Strand. 1547
What did nobles start doing in the 1570s? Give examples.
Began to build country houses on a grand scale. First example- Longleat (Wiltshire)-Sir John Thyne- began 1568 and stonemason Robert Smythson- help him design and build.
Who was Sir John Thyne?
Later known as one of the earliest architects (not a profession till 17c). Also, built a famous house at Wollaton (Nottingham0 for Sir Francis Willoughby.
Give examples of other anonymous builders and designers who constructed famous mansions- the buildings?
Cecil’s Country house Theobalds, and the Earl of Leicester’s renovation of the medieval Kenilworth Castle.
What were the style of the new nobility’s grand houses? What were they called? What were they designed for?
‘Prodigy houses’ was strongly influenced by humanist interest in Roman and Greek Classical architecture. Designed for comfort and privacy and employed the use of light and space to create a pleasant living environment.
How were the ‘prodigy houses’ very different from earlier houses of nobility?
Medieval stone castles and fortified manors of the early 16c- whole main purpose was defence.
What material began to be used to build rather than stone? And what was there more of?
Brick and more windows. (more glass- wealth).
What was the late Tudor mansion’s not built for and what does this prove?
No built for defence-reflecting increasing political stability.
What happened to the insides? Parlor and dining parlor?
Private rooms for the family’s use was constructed. Although most houses still incorporated the medieval great hall- family would use parlor for relaxation and a separate dining parlor for meals.
Inside- what were ‘formal’ or ‘state’ rooms? Give evidence on Henry. Galleries.
On the first floor and included a series of bedchambers and a very long gallery (first seen in palaces of Henry VII AND VIII)- exercise and private conversations.
Who adopted galleries as monarch had them?
Tudor courtiers for use in their houses- if long added prestige to owner.
What do surviving wills suggest that the average number of rooms an average person had under Henry then Elizabeth?
3 then 4-5.
How many rooms did prosperous yeomen under Elizabeth have and then husbandmen (tenant farmer) and small landowner?
6-8
2-3.
