Anglo-Spanish Conflict Flashcards
What are the dates?
1589-1603
Look at time line
:)
How many troops died in France alone?
11,000 in just 3 years.
What aid did Elizabeth give?
£35,000 to Henry in 1589.
£10,000 in 1590.
Initially 4,000 troops to France in 1589.
3,000 sent to Brittany 1591.
5,200 in 1592-89.
3,000 were sent under Earl of Essex to desige Spanish-held Rouen in 1591.
Same time- E troops under Sir Francis Vere were helping Dutch rebels.
Persuaded by councilors. DUTCH AND HENRY (F) Protestant.
Why did Elizabeth give help?
Threat was clear- if Spanish controlled the French coastline (Brittany especially) and Normandy they were ideally placed to launch invasion.
How effective was her involvement in reducing Spanish threat 1589-98- give evidence.
Costly in time and money.
1595- threat of Spanish European domination had declined significantly- H was C and defeated the resistance led by Catholic League and S troops.
1595- rallied F nationalism- declared war on S- balanced restored. F against S.
1596- Dutch briefly intervened F war when S troops captured port Calais.
1594- Dutch major success against S- N Netherlands. (war continued).
S till at war with E in France- continuing threat to security.
Why was the Peace Treaty 1598 significant?
England was excluded- only F and S. This means that E was threatened.
Same time as Battle of Yellow Ford
Give two examples of English attacks on the Iberian-Peninsula and New World Spanish Shipping.
1589- Essex joined against E orders- Spain and New World. £49,000 to fleet- attack remains of Armada (military and financial aims). 19,000 solders, 4,000 sailors. No revolt, straight to Azores not attack S fleet. Empty handed, 11,000 died.
1596- Essex and Dutch to attack Cadiz, 2 S ships destroyed and 2 captured, Cadiz temporarily. Essex (exploits) a temp hero- missed opportunity to attack main fleet at Lisbon - no treasure ships from West Indies captured.
How much treasure was captured 1589-1591?
£400,000
What happened in 1592 with the £400,000? How much was the usual yearly income?
£100,000 for personal profit- English sailors.
£144,120 goods left over.
Only £80,000 reached gov- not enough for high cost of war with Spain.
Only got 300,000 per year.
What were the issues with the military expeditions and why did they never fully achieve their aims? Tell me 3.
Not very successful- loot and capture.
Woman- commands and wishes were often ignored by military Captains.
Cautious (not willing to commit all forces) and not enough recourses to fund them properly.
Joint-stock enterprise- shares of profit- put profit before strategic advantage- wealthy merchants wanted the profit as contributing to cost. Worse when overstretched.
English tactics-result of insufficient funds, cautious, enough to keep E from losing but never enough to win decisively.
As the war dragged on what happend?
More damage to England’s economy and society- escalating costs both in terms of money (taxes) and loss of life leading to increasing discontent and criticisms of the regime.
How effective was England’s war for finance and trade?
NOT VERY
Encouraged looting and privateers- not very successful. E successes undermined by discipline.
Goods captured but the amount of money going to state was not enough- insufficient funds.
Privateers often no coordination and Spanish shipping was increasingly being well-guarded by warships so able to slip through net.
Taxes- criticisms and discontent.
Trade- monies used to sell sugar, gold, materials from the New World- expand trade.
How effective was England’s war from protecting and defeating further attack?
NOT VERY- many attempts.
Help- led to real threat of attack from S.
Counter attacks- privateering and attacks on shipping.
1588- Although victory- did not stop S from rebuilding navy and planning further attacks in 1590s.
Led to invasion scares and panic- esp. on South coast- 1595-400 made a series of landing raids in Penzance (Cornwall)- only fled at news of D fleet approaching.
MORE ARMADAS- 1596 and 1597- far as E channel only stopped by WEATHER.
1597- Meant to give help to Irish- had upper hand on E as war escalated to new fronts.
Phillip II successor carried on after death in 1598.
1601- LANDED in Ireland and siege guns 3,400 highly trained- Tyrone’s. Catholic links- a real threat. Ireland strategic importance- close. DEFEATED.
