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203 > spermatogenesis > Flashcards

spermatogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Testis sits in?

A

tunica vaginalis, lined by mesothelium cells

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2
Q

veins in spermatic cord are called?

A

pampiniform plexus

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3
Q

testic is covered by thick fibrous capsule called?

A

tunica albuginea

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4
Q

seminiferous tubules converge on?

A

rete testis

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5
Q

Spermatogenesis happens within?

A

seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

leydig cells produce testosterone from?

A

cholesterol and acetate

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7
Q

how much testosterone is produced daily?

A

4 to 10mg

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8
Q

in sertoli cells what happens to testosterone?

A

converted into dihydrotestosterone by 5 alpha reductase

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9
Q

how long are seminiferous tubules?

A

30-80cm

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10
Q

what surrounds seminiferous tubules?

A

peripheral myoid cells for contractility and then basement membrane

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11
Q

in seminiferous tubules there are 2 types of cells?

A

spermatogenic and sertoli cells

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12
Q

Physiological barrier in seminiferous tubules?

A

basal and adluminal compartment, gap and tight junctions between sertoli cells

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13
Q

how much spermatozoa are produced?

A

300 to 600 per gram of testis per second

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14
Q

what happens at puberty in spermatogenesis?

A

germ cells of immature testis, prospermatogonia, are reactivated to undergo rounds of mitosis

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15
Q

where do prospermatogonia do rounds of mitosis?

A

basal compartment of tubule

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16
Q

which cells emerge from prosmatogonia?

A

spermatogonia, produce clone of cells

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17
Q

what emerges from spermatogonia and where do they inhabit?

A

primary spermatocytes, inhabit cytomplasmic cavities in sertoli cells

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18
Q

meiosis occurs in?

A

adluminal compartment

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19
Q

secondary spermatocytes quickly form?

A

haploid spermatids

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20
Q

Unwanted cytoplasm is eaten by what?

A

sertoli cell

21
Q

spermatogenic cycle happens every?

A

16 days

22
Q

total time for completion of spermatogenesis is?

A

64 days

23
Q

where is fluid absorbed and sperm concentrated?

A

in epididymis

24
Q

difference in sperm in rete and epididymis?

A

in rete they twitch, in epididymis they swim, dependent of androgen stimulation

25
Q

cellular components of sperm?

A

leucocytes, spermatogenic cells, epithelial cells, and spermatozoa

26
Q

fluid components?

A

nutrition (fructose and sorbitol)
buffer against vaginal acidity
antioxidants (ascorbic acid and hypotaurine)

27
Q

Mucus is secreted by what?

A

columnar cells of endocervix

28
Q

how does mucus guide spermatozoa?

A

mucus has macromolecular network of mucin fibrils

29
Q

how does oestrogen affect mucus?

A

makes it watery

30
Q

what does progesterone do to mucus?

A

inhibits secretory activity

31
Q

sperm penetrates on what day?

A

9 and peaks at time of ovulation

32
Q

capacitation?

A

stripping glycoprotein from surface, which accumulates in the epididymus,

Causes hyperactive motility

And makes the sperm responsive to signals from oocyte

33
Q

volume of ejaculation?

A

1.5 and 6 ml

34
Q

normal conc of sperm?

A

more than 15 mil per ml

35
Q

vitality of sperm?

A

58% or more live spermatozoa

36
Q

progressive motility?

A

32%

37
Q

morphology of sperm?

A

more than 4%

38
Q

asthenozoospermia?

A

too little motility

38
Q

asthenozoospermia?

A

too little motility

39
Q

teratozoospermia?

A

too many abnormals

40
Q

azoospermia?

A

no spermatozoa

41
Q

aspermia?

A

no ejaculate

42
Q

Oligozoospermia?

A

Low concentration

43
Q

What is important about the last stage of mitosis?

A

Nuclear division is complete but cytoplasmic division is yet not, hence primary spermatocytes are linked by cytoplasmic bridges

44
Q

What is the acrosome for?

A

To penetrate the oocyte

45
Q

Additional secretions added to sperm volume are?

A

3ml

46
Q

Why might volume of ejaculation be low?

A

Abstinence, accessory gland inflammation

47
Q

What is sperm conc?

A

Number of sperm per ml in the total ejaculate

Normal is over 15 mil per ml

203 (74 decks)

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