Pathology Of The Female Reproductive Tract 2 Flashcards
Dysplasia?
Premalignant state of malignant neoplasms
How does dysplasia look?
There is an accumulation of cells which look somewhat like malignant cells but do not invade the basement membrane
Dysplasia changes?
- Increased proliferation (more, and sometimes abnormal, mitoses)
- Atypia of nuclei (diagnostically)
- Decreased differentiation/less maturation
Squamous cervix dysplasia terms:
UK: Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN)
US: Squamous intra-epithelial lesion (abnormal area) (SIL)
Grades of dysplasia?
CIN 1,2 and 3
Metaplasia leading to dysplasia?
squamous metaplasia of the cervical transformation zone (physiological)
squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium (pathology)
glandular metaplasia of the distal oesophagus (pathology)
Dysplasia is cytology specimens is called?
Dyskaryosis
What percent of cervical carcinomas are squamous carcinoma?
CIN transformation zone 90
Cervical squamous carcinoma are caused by?
95 by HPV infection
HPV?
Double stranded DNA virus, over 130 types
High risk and low risk HPV?
High risk: 16 and 18
Low risk: 6 and 11
How to prevent cervical cancer?
- HPV Vaccination for warts dysplasia
- Population based screening
Cervical sample HR HPV test - Cervical sample cytology
- Colposcopy
- Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia – eg, Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ)
Birth cohort effect?
This happens when a group of people experience different circumstances to those born immediately before or after,
WW1 and WW2, societal effects
Difference between productive and transforming infection?
Productive gives off virulent particles, transforming integrated in human genome, changes genes
