Children With Renal Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Mayer-rokitansky syndrome?

A

Absent kidney can cause:

Abnormalities of vagina, uterus, Fallopian tubes associated most commonly with absent kidney

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2
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux happens how?

A

Ureteric bud arises laterally so submucosal tunnel absent or shot hence reflux

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3
Q

A child with UTI and enlarged ureters can cause?

A

Pyelonephritis

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4
Q

Hydronephrosis?

A

Dilated collecting system- renal pelvis and calluses bigger than normal. Could be due to obstruction

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5
Q

Which scan is good for showing obstruction/drainage in kidney?

A

MAG3- nuclear scan

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6
Q

Posteriorurethral valve PUV (only in neonatal/baby boys) causes?

A

Bladder obstruction and so back pressure on kidneys

They are diagnosed antenatal

Obstructive membranes in the urethra

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7
Q

Hypospadia?

A

Opening of urethra not at tip of penis, underneath usually

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8
Q

How does kidney develop?

A

Uterine bud moves towards metanephric blastema, triggering growth of kidney

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9
Q

Testing for UTI

A

Suprapubic aspiration
Dipstick for nitrites
High index of suspicion
Difficulties in obtaining mid stream urine
Urine culture
Pyuria- increased white blood cells in urine

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10
Q

What is the commonest cause of UTI?

A

VUR

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11
Q

Treatment for VUR?

A

Uroprophylaxis

But a needle and add a small balloon to narrow opening

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12
Q

How to look for hydronephrosis?

A

Ultrasound, nuclear scan

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13
Q

Infection is very uncommon in…?

A

Hydronephrosis

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14
Q

Mega ureter is associated with a?

A

Urterocele- swelling at bottom of one of the ureters.

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15
Q

How does inguinal hernias form?

A

Normally the processus vaginalis obliterates, but contents (intestines) comes through opening remains

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16
Q

Hydrocele?

A

Fluid coming through opening of processus vaginalis

17
Q

What is undescended testis UDT?

A

Testis cannot be brought to bottom of scrotum without undue tension of spermatic cord

18
Q

Incidence of UDT?

19
Q

Testicular artery arises from?

A

Abdominal aorta

20
Q

Fowler stephens technique?

A

Ligation and clipping of main testicular vessels in situ in abdomen. Then orchidopexy, moving undescended testis into scrotum to fix permanently there

21
Q

Descent of testis happens in?

A

Third trimester

22
Q

Where does the kidney formation begin?

A

Uterus bud abnormally branching before it reaches metanephric blastema

23
Q

What is the commonest surgical cause of UTI?

24
Q

How to look for reflux nephropathy?

A

DMSA

Radioisotope

25
Management of VUR?
Many will stop refluxing after age 5
26
Treatment of VUR?
STING, suburetral Teflon injection, gel to prevent back flow of urine Or balloon to close the ureter slightly
27
How to investigate hydronephrosis?
Ultrasound scan nuclear scan
28
What is a uterocele?
Ballooning of ureter inside bladder, usually happens in a megaureter