Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

203 > Adrenal Cortex- Hormones, Physiology > Flashcards

Adrenal Cortex- Hormones, Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are steroids made of?

A

Cholesterol from diet, or synthesised within gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In Zona glomerulosa which enzyme is not present ?

A

17 alpha hydroxylase so can’t make cortisol and androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Androgens are synthesised where?

A

Zona reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cortisol is made where?

A

Zona fasciculata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secretion of ACTH is … and peak is?

A

Pulsation
Peak early morning
Low in the middle of night.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

After how many hours is cortisol peak after ACTH?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Zona glomerulosa makes?

A

Only aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What % of cortisol is bound by corticosteroid binding globulin?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pregnancy is associated with?

A

High levels of corticosteroids binding globulin hence an increase in circulation plasma cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What % of cortisol is bound to albumin?

A

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do glucocorticoids work?

A

Alter gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cortisol opposes?

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cortisol stimulates?

A

Lipolysis and mobilisation of fatty acid, potentiating effects of growth hormone and catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Excess cortisol?

A

Deposition of fat in novel anatomical sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In liver cortisol?

A

Amino acid uptake, gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Excess cortisol is an enhanced?

A

Vasoconstrictor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glucocorticoids can cause in brain?

A

Elation or sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glucocorticoids affect body’s defence system how?

A

Suppress lymphoid tissue, reduce antibody production and inhibit cellular immune system, stabilise leukocyte membranes and reduce release of proteolytic enzymes
Inhibit phospholipase a2 and reduce synthesis of inflammatory mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antibodies do what to foreign proteins?

A

Inactivates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tissue repair is enhanced by?

A

Prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cortisol physiological effects?

A

Release of amino acids from muscle causing:

  1. Increase lipolysis
  2. Increase glycogenolysis
  3. Increase glucose
  4. Increase blood pressure
  5. Direct effects on brain and local effects on pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ACTH stimulates conversion of ?

A

Cholesterol to pregnenolone leading to formation of aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by?

A

Trauma, anxiety hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia and inhibited by ANP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What % of aldosterone is protein bound?

A

50

25
Q

Sodium reabsorption happens in exchange of?

A

Potassium or hydrogen ions

26
Q

Aldosterone is unsuitable because?

A

Short plasma half life so fludrocortisone

27
Q

Glucocorticoids are used for?

A

Replacement therapy, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects for arthritis, asthma, allergies or treatment of proliferative conditions such as leukaemia

28
Q

Hydrocortisone?

A

Oral Bioavailability 60-80%
Protein binding High
Metabolism Hepatic
Half-life Approx 1.5

15-20 mg per day

29
Q

Hydrocortisone adverse effects?

A

Hyperglycaemia, osteoporosis and Cushing’s syndrome

30
Q

Inhaled glucocorticoids are for?

A

Asthma/hayfever

31
Q

Topical glucocorticoids are for?

A

Eczema

32
Q

Oral glucocorticoids are for?

A

Replacement and immunosuppression

33
Q

Adverse effects of steroid usage?

A

Suppresses wound healing and may exacerbate infections

34
Q

Long term use of steroids in children?

A

Inhibit growth and in adults osteoporosis

35
Q

Steroid therapy may be accompanied?

A

Symptoms of cushings syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus, hypertension

36
Q

Most dangerous adverse effect is?

A

Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary axis, atrophy of adrenal cortex

37
Q

Most important part of adrenal gland?

A

Adrenal cortex

38
Q

If steroid therapy is abruptly stopped, it can lead to?

A

Addisonian crisis, HPA axis may not respond too

39
Q

Cortex is responsible for?

A

Stress, sodium and glucose homoestasis?

40
Q

Cushing’s syndrome symptoms?

A

Thin hair, thin skin, moon face, bruises and cuts, extra hair, supraclavicular fat pads, buffalo hump, thin arms, stretch arms, central obesity, proximal muscle weakness (ask to squat and get up again on their own)

41
Q

Under normal circumstances adrenal cortex secretes small amounts of?

A

Male sex hormones e.g dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone, and the female oestrogens eg oestradiol

42
Q

What % of cortisol is in a free active form?

A

10

43
Q

Metabolism of adrenal steroid in liver causes them to be?

A

Glucuronidates to form water soluble forms which are excreted in urine

44
Q

Cortisol causes?

A

Stimulates glycogenolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis

45
Q

In periphery cortisol causes?

A

Inhibits amino acid uptake and protein synthesis, net loss of sketch protein

46
Q

Aldosterone sensitive tissues possess?

A

11 beta hyrdroxysteroid dehydrogenase which converts cortisol to inactive cortisone

47
Q

Mineralocorticoid actions of glucocorticoids are only apparent?

A

At high concs

48
Q

Main mineralocorticoids?

A

Aldosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone

49
Q

Aldosterone secretion is inhibited by what?

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

50
Q

Where does aldosterone stimulate reabsorption of sodium?

A

Distal tube

51
Q

What percentage of adrenal gland is medulla?

A

10

52
Q

How does metabolism of adrenal steroids happen?

A

In liver where they are glucuronidates to form water soluble forms which are excreted in urine

53
Q

Which enzyme causes conversion of cortisol to inactive cortisone?

A

11B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

54
Q

Which androgens are produced in reticularis?

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone
Androstenedione
Oestradiol
Testosterone

55
Q

What percent of cortisol in the blood is free?

A

10

56
Q

What happens in metabolism of steroids?

A

Glucuronidated in liver to form water soluble form which are excreted in urine

57
Q

Cortisol opposes insulin?

A

Antagonises the effects in cellular uptake of glucose
Stimulates glycogenolysis
And hepatic gluconeogenesis

58
Q

What does cortisol do in periphery?

A

Inhibits amino acid uptake and protein. Synthesis

Results in a net loss of skeletal protein

59
Q

Where does sodium reabsorption happen?

A

Distal tubule of the kidney, then collecting duct, proximal tubule, ascending loop of Henle and in colon sweat and salivary glands

203 (74 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions