Pregnancy And Birth

Question 1

What is decidua?

Answer 1

Endometrium, prostaglandins are released from decidua

Question 2

Oestrogen in prolabour?

Answer 2

Increases

Question 3

Where are prostaglandins released from?

Answer 3

Decidua

Question 4

Cervical effacement?

Answer 4

What does cervical feel like, happens before dilatation

Question 5

Latent phase contains?

Answer 5

Effacement of cervix (softens and shortens)
Contractions
Intensity varies

Question 6

What happens in effacement?

Answer 6

Cervix softens and shortens

Question 7

Active labour?

Answer 7

Painful regular contractions, every 1-4 minutes lasting about 60 seconds
Cervical effacement
Dilatation of cervix to 4cms

Question 8

In 1st stage of labour dilatation is how much?

Answer 8

0.5cm/hour

Question 9

Anteroposterior diameter of pelvic inlet is?

Answer 9

12cm

Question 10

3 diameters of pelvic outlet?

Answer 10

Anteroposterior, oblique and transverse

Question 11

Which is the first view of the baby’s head?

Answer 11

Suboccipitobregamatic diameter (9.5cm)

Question 12

Anterior fontanelle, Bregma, closes at?

Answer 12

18 months

Question 13

Posterior fontanelle closes at?

Answer 13

6-8 weeks.

Question 14

Occiptofrontal diameter (when straight)?

Answer 14

11cm

Question 15

Supraocciptomental diameter?

Answer 15

13.5cm

Question 16

Submentalbregmatic diameter?

Answer 16

9.5cm

Question 17

Third stage of labour?

Answer 17

Delivery of placenta

Question 18

What is active management to get rid of placenta?

Answer 18

Oxytocin i.m into maternal thigh causes sustained uterine activation,

Decreases risk of postpartum haemorrhage

Question 19

How to screen fetal heart rate?

Answer 19

Intermitted auscultation by pinard or sonicaid

CTG (cardiotocograph)

Question 20

Transverse diameter is ?

Answer 20

13cm

Question 21

Pelvic outlet diameters?

Answer 21

AP- 12.5cm
Transverse 11cm
Oblique?

Question 22

Mechanism of birth?

Answer 22

Head at pelvic brim OccipitalTransverse (OT) position
Flexion of neck (Suboccipitobregmatic)
Head descends and engages
Head reaches pelvic floor- rotates to Occipital Anterior
Head delivers by extension
Head “restitutes” (comes in line with the shoulders)
Shoulders rotate into anterior/posterior diameter of pelvis
Anterior shoulder delivered by lateral flexion from downward pressure on baby’s head
Posterior shoulder by upward lateral flexion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8E-ntFzabY

Question 23

Normal estimated blood loss?

Answer 23

300-500ml

Question 24

When to do intermittent auscultation?

Answer 24

Every 15 mins before and after a contraction during the first stage

Every 5 mins in second stage

Question 25

Cardiotograph detects?

Answer 25

R-R wave of fetal ECG, clip applied to fetal scalp