Physiology Of Pregnancy

Question 1

Amniotic fluid in second semester?

Answer 1

For fetal urine

Question 2

Which hormone is released from corpus luteum then by placenta?

Answer 2

HCG- peaks in first days to weeks, double in number every 24 hours

Question 3

Spike of HCG at what week?

Answer 3

9week mark

Question 4

Progesterone maintains what?

Answer 4

Quiescence, not allowing contraction

Question 5

What is HCG created by?

Answer 5

Trophoblast

Question 6

What alters maternal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to provide steady state of glucose for feotus?

Answer 6

Human placental lactogen

Question 7

What induces maternal insulin resistance?

Answer 7

Human placental gonadotrophin

Question 8

Alpha unit of HCG mimics what?

Answer 8

FSH, LH, TSH

Question 9

High HCG may indicate?

Answer 9

Multiple preganancy or molar preganancy

Question 10

For pregnancy testing what do we check for?

Answer 10

Beta unit of HCG

Question 11

Problem of progestrone smooth muscle relaxtation?

Answer 11

Laxity in ligaments of pelvis, supra-pubic dysfunction, gastric reflux and constipation, lobule-alveolar development in breasts

May need crutches, a belt or exercises

Question 12

What is progesterone responsible for in breasts?

Answer 12

Lobulo alveolar development

Question 13

Plasma volume increase?

Answer 13

40% from 2.5l to 3.7l

Question 14

Red blood cell increase by what percent?

Answer 14

25%, leads to dilutional anaemia

Question 15

Whta happens to colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 15

Falls, causing shift of fluid into extracellular fluid, fluid in hands and feet

Question 16

Womans Heart enlarges by how much?

Answer 16

12%

Question 17

Innocent systolic murmurs are common at what percent?

Answer 17

90

Question 18

Preipheral resistance decreases by?

Answer 18

35%, peripheral vasodilatation due to progesterone

Question 19

What happens to respiratory in pregnancy?

Answer 19

Resp rate increases, bronchodilation, rib cage increases, change in tidal volume

Question 20

What is causing palpitations?

Answer 20

Increase HR

Question 21

Pre-eclampsia causes?

Answer 21

Significant odema, swelling in face

Question 22

Renal flow is increased by?

Answer 22

50%, kidney length by 1cm increased

Question 23

Levels of thyroid changes?

Answer 23

Increase in T3/T4, thyroid binding globulin due to oestrogen

Question 24

What happens to bhcg in pregnancy?

Answer 24

Dramatic rise in first days-weeks, released by corpus luteum then by placenta.

Question 25

Oestrogen is responsible for?

Answer 25

Breast growth Aerolar enlargement

Question 26

High levels of hcg can cause?

Answer 26

Hyperemesis

Question 27

Oestrogen stimulates?

Answer 27

Prolactin synthesis

Question 28

Clotting factors increase in pregnancy, which ones?

Answer 28

Plasma fibrinogen, platelets, factor 8 and Von willebrand factor

Question 29

Diastolic murmurs suggest?

Answer 29

Cardiomyopathy

Question 30

Musculoskeletal changes?

Answer 30

Lumbar lordosis
Ligamentous laxity- pelvic girdle pain 
Stretch marks
Skin pigmentation- linea nigra, melasma, dark nipples
Carpal tunnel, due to increased oedema
Sciatica
Cramps

Question 31

Progesterone is responsible for?

Answer 31

Breast lobule enlargement

Question 32

Creatinine and urea?

Answer 32

Decrease in pregnancy