Pathology Female Genital Tract 1 Flashcards
Ovum is surrounded by?
Pink wall- zona pellucida
And follicular cells
Graafian follicle is surrounded by?
Stroma containing collagen
What corpus luteal degenerates it becomes?
Corpus albicantis if women not pregnant
Hormones produced by corpus luteum?
Progesterone
Hormones produced by corpus albicantis?
None
Why ovaries are removed in patients with breast cancer?
Remove source of oestrogen which promotes growth of breast cancer
Corpus luteum is yellow because of?
Lipids
Ovarian tumours arise from?
Surface epithelial cells or stroma
Cyst?
Closed hollow lesion lined by epithelium
Stromal tumours can do what?
Produce hormones such as oestrogen hence patient has post menopausal bleeding e.g granulosa cell tumour
How do teratomas arise embryologically?
From endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm
Testicular teratomas are classified as?
Malignant and rarely contain hair
What is CA125?
Tumour marker for ovarian cancer but can be raised in other conditions
Why is it important to remove an ovarian cyst intact?
Otherwise leakage of cystic contents into the abdomen will seed the peritoneal cavity with cancer cells which can lead abdominal recurrence
What does borderline mean?
Mitotic activity
Nuclear stratification
No invasion of wall
Cytological atypical- variation in nuclear size and shape
Complex architecture with papillary structures ( long thin finger like structures)
Chocolate cysts arise from?
Endometriosis in ovary, presence of endometrial stroma and glands outside endometrial cavity
How does endometriosis arise and what areas?
What symptoms of cyst so large pressing on bladder?
Increased frequency of urination
Constipation/bloating
Shortness of breath
Gasto-oesophageal reflux/heartburn
Why should you drain a cyst prior to surgery?
Reduce risk of cyst bursting
Draining fluid also reduces size and therefore smaller surgical incision
