Introduction To Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Who performed castration experiments?

A

Arnold Adolph Berthold

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2
Q

What are thyroid and parathyroid glands responsible for?

A

Metabolic rate and calcium homeostasis

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3
Q

Myxedema?

A

Hypothyroidism, deposition of mucopolysaccharides in dermis, swelling of skin.

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4
Q

Cretinism?

A

Condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to congenital hypothyroidism

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5
Q

How much does pituitary weigh?

A

0.5g

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6
Q

Example of peptide hormone?

A

Epinephrine pen for anaphylaxis: induces peripheral vasoconstriction

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7
Q

Which hormone has slow onset of action but a long plasma life and long duration of action?

A

Steroid e.g thyroxine

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8
Q

How do insulin and prolactin work?

A

Tyrosine kinase receptor, dimerisation, phosphorylate tyrosine components of intracellular regulatory proteins

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9
Q

What is secreted by adipose cells?

A

Leptin

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10
Q

What did castration do to animals?

A

No secondary sexual characteristics

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11
Q

How do Gprotein coupled receptors work?

A

Hormone binds to 7 transmembrane helices receptor activating G protein, causing synthesis of cyclic AMP or inositol triphosphate.

This cause phosphorylation of intracellular regulatory protein, and modify gene expression via CREB

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12
Q

How does tyrosine kinase recpetor work?

A

One hormone molecule binds to each receptor, to phosphorylate tyrosine components of intracellular regulatory proteins

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13
Q

What happens with steroid hormone receptors?

A

Hormone binds to receptor in cytoplasm, the complex travels to nucleus and binds to hormone-response element of DNA and influence gene transcription

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14
Q

How does leptin act?

A

Secreted by adipose cells and acts on hypothalamus to inhibit appetite.

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15
Q

Why cant you produce an extract of pancreas to cure diabetes?

A

Enzymes will degrade insulin, hence ligation is required

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16
Q

Facts about steroid and thyroid hormones?

A

Must be transported in blood bound to plasma protein, only biologically active when unbound

17
Q

How can hormones modify gene transcription?

A

CREB