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Physiology > Special Senses III > Flashcards

Special Senses III Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signals for spicy food?

A

Nociceptors

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2
Q

What is the chemical for spice? What is its MOA?

A

Capsaicin–Opens VR1 receptor

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3
Q

What are the 5 taste sensations?

A 
Sour
Salty
Sweet
Bitter
Umami
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4
Q

True or false: At moderate concentrations of taste stimuli, sour, salty, sweet and bitter tastes can be perceived by stimulating any area containing taste receptor cells

A

True

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5
Q

Where are the taste buds on the tongue?

A

In the trenches along papilla

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6
Q

The tip of the tongue is most sensitive to what tastes? (3)

A

Sweet
Umami
Salt

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7
Q

The sides and back of the tongue are more sensitive which two tastes?

A

Sour and bitter

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8
Q

What happens if you cut the nerve to a taste bud?

A

Oh yeah, it dies

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9
Q

True or false: the basal cells can turn into taste buds

A

True

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10
Q

True or false: we all have about the same number of taste buds

A

False

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11
Q

True or false: taste has a strong genetic component

A

True

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12
Q

What is the innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

C VII

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13
Q

What is the innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN IX

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the soft palate?

A

CN VII

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the epiglottis and esophagus?

A

CN X

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16
Q

Where do all of the taste tract combine? What part of the thalamus does this area then project to?

A

Nucleus of the solitary tract, then to the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus

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17
Q

What part of the cortex senses tastes?

A

Insular taste cortex

18
Q

What is the role of the amygdala in taste?

A

Motivation of food

19
Q

How are salt and sour sensed?

A

Opens an ion channel

20
Q

How are sweet, bitter, and umami sensed?

A

G-protein coupled receptor

21
Q

Depolarization of taste cells cause what?

A

release of neurotransmitters onto primary afferent nerves.

22
Q

True or false: there is a labeled line to the taste cortex

A

True

23
Q

What is the bait-shyness (Sauce Bearnaise) phenomenon?

A

Losing taste for a food that the brain associated with sickness

24
Q

What is hypogeusia?

A

Decreased taste sensation

25
Q

What is ageusia?

A

Absence of taste

26
Q

What is parageusia?

A

Perversion of the sense to taste; a bad taste in the mouth

27
Q

What is unique about CN I? (3)

A

Exposed
Bypasses thalamus
Regenerate

28
Q

What type of neurons are the olfactory nevelets?

A

Bipolar neurons

29
Q

How do we smell stuff (how do the nervelets sense odors)?

A

Binding of odoriferous molecule to receptor on cilia of olfactory receptor cell.

30
Q

What are the cells that produce mucus for the olfactory bipolar cells?

A

Bowman’s glands

31
Q

What do odiferous molecules bind to?

A

G-protein coupled receptors

32
Q

How many different functional odorant receptors in humans?

A

around 400

33
Q

Olfactory neurons expressing the same type of olfactory receptor project where?

A

The same glomeruli

34
Q

True or false: there is one receptor for every odor

A

False–An odorant might interact with several different types of olfactory receptors

35
Q

What is the function of the neurons that project from the olfactory bulb to the gustatory cortical areas?

A

Olfactory and gustatory signals may be integrated here to generate the perception of flavor.

36
Q

What is the route of the olfactory projections that go to the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus?

A

projects to the orbitofrontal cortex

37
Q

What is the function of the orbitofrontal cortex?

A

This cortical area is thought to be involved in the perception and discrimination of odors

38
Q

What is the role of the limbic system in the olfactory system?

A

probably mediate affective component of odors - whether odor pleasant or unpleasant

39
Q

What is specific anosmia?

A

lowered sensitivity to a specific odorant even though sensitivity to other odorants seems normal

40
Q

What is general anosmia?

A

Complete loss of sense of smell

41
Q

Is hyposmia transient or chronic?

A

Either

42
Q

What happens to odor sensitivity in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

greatly diminished or distorted sense of smell

Physiology (75 decks)

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