Female reproductive Flashcards
What is the principle organ for estrogen and progesterone production in the female?
Ovaries
How many tissue layers are in the uterus? Name them.
- Serous 2. Muscular 3. Mucous
What layer of the uterus is shed?
The mucous (endometirum) layer
What is the specialization found on the fallopian tubes that aid in oocyte/sperm movement?
Cilia
What are the two hypothalamic peptide hormones that play a role in female reproduction?
GnRH Oxytocin
What are the three pituitary hormones that play a role in female reproduction?
FSH LH Prolactin
What is the ovarian peptide hormones that inhibits the female reproductive cycle?
Inhibi
What are the four ovarian steroid hormones?
Estradiol Progesterone Androstenedione Testosterone
What ion causes the release of peptide hormone to be release from vesicle?
Ca
Are peptide hormones lipophilic or hydrophilic?
Hydrophilic
Do peptide hormones circulate freely, or bound to stuff?
Freely
Where in/on the cell do peptide hormones exert their effects?
On the cell membrane, binding to cell surface receptors
What are the two types of cell membrane receptors for peptide hormones?
Receptor protein tyrosine kinases G-coupled protein receptors
Steroid hormones are derived from what molecule?
Cholesterol
Are steroid hormones lipophilic or hydrophilic?
Lipophilic
How do steroid hormones circulate: bound or not?
Bound
What are the enzymes that synthesize estradiol from androstenediones?
Aromatases
Draw out the cholesterol pathway for steroid synthesis.
***
Where are the receptors found for steroid hormones? What happens when they are bound?
Cytosol–binding leads to movement to nucleus to upregulate DNA
Hormone duration in circulation is largely dependent on what?
Binding protein in the blood
What are the two principle sites of degradation of steroid hormones?
At the site of action Liver
How are steroid hormones degraded in the liver? (board question)
Conjugated via glucuronidation and sulfation to increase hydrophilicity (don’t need to know this for this test)
What are the two ways steroid hormones are excreted?
in the bile or in the urine
What does estrogen do in the uterus? (3)
- Increases size 2. Proliferate endometrium 3. Develop of endometrial glands