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Physiology > Capillaries > Flashcards

Capillaries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

Exchange fluid, nutrients, hormones etc

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2
Q

What is the rate of exchange of nutrients in capillaries related to?

A

Bulk flow

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3
Q

What features of the capillaries contribute to its function?

A

Thin walls with pores

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4
Q

What modifies what goes through capillaries?

A

Size of the pores

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5
Q

Can lipid soluble substances get through capillaries via diffusion? Can proteins? Water soluble ions?

A

Yes for lipid

No for proteins or water solubles

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6
Q

What are the spaces between the capillaries?

A

Intracellular clefts and caveolae

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7
Q

What covers the tissue side of the capillaries?

A

BM

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8
Q

What is vasomotion?

A

intermittent blood flow through capillaries d/t contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters

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9
Q

What structures regulate blood flow through capillaries? What are those regulated by?

A

Through precapillary sphincters

Regulated by tissue oxygen usage

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10
Q

Is there smooth muscle in capillaries? What is the consequence of this?

A

No, means that can close capillaries completely

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11
Q

If you increase surface area (as in the increase CSA for capillaries) what happens to velocity?

A

Decreases velocity

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12
Q

Why can’t capillaries contract or relax?

A

No smooth muscle

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13
Q

Blood flow through capillaries depends on what?

A

What can get through upstream via sphincters, arterioles etc

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14
Q

What is the main metabolic regulator of skeletal muscle? Lesser regulators?

A

pO2

pCO2, pH, flow

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15
Q

What is the main metabolic regulator of the brain? Lesser regulators?

A

pCO2

pO2, adenosine

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16
Q

What is the main metabolic regulator of the heart? Lesser regulators?

A

[adenosine]

pO2, pCO2, pH

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17
Q

How does epinephrine control blood flow through capillaries?

A

Constricts and dilates

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18
Q

How does Norepinephrine control blood flow through capillaries?

A

Constricts

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19
Q

How does dopamine control blood flow through capillaries?

A

Constricts and dilates

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20
Q

How does histamine control blood flow through capillaries?

A

dilates

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21
Q

How does acetylcholine control blood flow through capillaries?

A

Dilates

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22
Q

How does angiotensin II control blood flow through capillaries?

A

Dilates

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23
Q

How do Kinins control blood flow through capillaries?

A

Dilates

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24
Q

How does ADH/vasopressin control blood flow through capillaries?

A

Constricts

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25
How does VIP control blood flow through capillaries?
Dilates
26
How do hormones have opposite effects on the same capillary bed?
Different receptors
27
How does adenosine control blood flow through capillaries?
Constricts, dilates
28
How does hypoxemia control blood flow through capillaries?
Dilates
29
How does [H+] and [K+] control blood flow through capillaries?
Dilates
30
How does hypercapnia control blood flow through capillaries?
Dilates
31
How do Kreb cycle intermediaes control blood flow through capillaries?
Dilates
32
How does endothelin control blood flow through capillaries?
Constricts
33
How does EDRF (NO) control blood flow through capillaries?
dilates
34
What determines that rate of exchange of a chemical through a capillary bed?
Solubility in lipids or water Molecular size
35
If a chemical is lipid soluble, how does it pass through capillaries?
Direct diffusion
36
If a chemical is water soluble, how does is pass through the capillary bed?
Through pore/clefts
37
How does molecular size relate to the rate of passage through capillaries?
Inversely related
38
What is colloid osmotic pressure?
The force exerted by molecules inside a fluid on the wall that contain it
39
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)? How does it relate to flow?
Fluid pressure within capillaries that tends to move fluid out Directly related to flow
40
The hydrostatic pressure of tissues is (high/low) compared to capillaires? How does this affect permeability?
Low Increases permeability
41
A tightly encapsulated tissue (like the kidney) causes what?
Increases Pif, to move fluid back into tissue
42
Oncotic pressure within capillaries tend to move fluid (in/out).
In
43
Proteins in the interstitium will move fluid (in/out) of the capillaries?
Out
44
What is the equation for net pressure?
Pc - Pif -(pi)c + (pi)if
45
If net fluid pressure is greater than 0, where will fluid move?
out of the capillary
46
If net fluid pressure is less than 0, where will fluid move?
Into the capillary
47
How do water soluble substances get through the capillaries?
Through the pores in the capillaries
48
How do we describe flow through capillaries (individually or as a sum/product of many?)
Sum of many capillaries
49
Where in the body is the only place dopamine will cause capillary constriction?
Kidneys
50
What is the effect of adenosine in the kidneys?
Constriction of capillary beds
51
What does reabsorption mean in terms of capillary exchange?
Reuptake into the capillary
52
What does filtration mean in terms of capillary exchange?
Removal from the blood
53
How permeable it the liver to molecules? The brain?
``` Liver = highly permeable Brain = Not so much ```
54
What maintains the low hydrostatic pressure in the interstitium?
Lymphatic system
55
What is the effect on interstitial hydrostatic pressure if the tissue is surrounded by a tight capsule? What is the effect that this produces on the flow of interstitial fluid (does it go back in, or does it come out faster)?
Increases it, causing fluid to move back into the capillary
56
What is oncotic pressure? What is the effect on movement of fluid into/out of capillaries?
The pressure exerted by a [C] of some molecule. This causes movement in the direction of higher [C]
57
What is the equation for the net pressure exerted on capillary fluid? What happens if this sum is greater than 0?
Pc - Pif - (pi)c + (pi)if If this sum is >0, then net fluid movement will be out of the capillary
58
In the equation of net pressure in a capillary (Pc - Pif - (pi)c + (pi)if), which component is variable with the location in the capillary?
Pc
59
What happens if there is in an increase of Pc?
A shift of the curve, meaning that at every point in the capillary, there is a higher rate of filtration
60
What happens if there is decrease in oncotic pressure within the capillary?
Shift of the horizontal line downward, meaning that at every point in the capillary, there is a higher rate of filtration
61
What happens to Pc if we decrease resistance within the capillary (say, by opening a sphincter at the venule end of the capillary)?
Pc curve shifts down, meaning that at every point along the capillary, there is less filtration occurring
62
Which variables does the lymphatic system change, so that there is a net efflux of fluid out of the capillaries?
(pi)if and Pif (both are decreased)
63
What are the three factors mentioned in class, that can serve to increase the Pc? What will this cause?
Standing, Heart failure, venous thrombus These all cause edema
64
What are the three factors mentioned in class, that can serve to decreased the (pi)c? What will this cause?
Nephrotic syndrome, starvation, pregnancy Edema
65
What does inflammation of the capillary wall cause?
Edema (I think d/t increase in surface area)

Physiology (75 decks)

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