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Physiology > Coronary Circulation and Temp > Flashcards

Coronary Circulation and Temp Flashcards

1
Q

Which usually supplies the posterior part of the heart, the RCA or LCA?

A

RCA

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2
Q

What is the arterial plexus that connects the epicardial coronary arteries to the subendocardial arterial plexus?

A

Myocardial cessel network

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3
Q

Which part of the coronary arteries is most susceptible to compression during systole?

A

The subendocardial arterial plexus

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4
Q

What general division of the coronary arteries are the most frequent site of MIs?

A

The subendocardial arterial plexus

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5
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

Flow = ΔP/R

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6
Q

Is ΔP between the coronary arteries and the aorta small or large during ventricular diastole?

A

Large

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7
Q

Is ΔP between the coronary arteries and the aorta small or large during ventricular systole? What causes this?

A

Small

caused by increase in coronary artery pressur

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8
Q

Is ΔP between the coronary arteries and the aorta small or large during ventricular ejection?

A

Small, but nonzero

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9
Q

The LV is maximally perfused during which part of the cardiac cycle?

A

Diastole

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10
Q

When is the ΔP between the aortic pressure and the at a minimum?

A

At the end of isovolumic contraction

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11
Q

The magnitude of ΔP is small or larger in the right ventricle compared to the left? What is the consequence of this?

A

Smaller, meaning that the right ventricle is better perfused

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12
Q

Which point on the cardiac cycle graph corresponds to the lowest level of flow?

A

The upper right, at the end of isovolumic contraction

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13
Q

What is the equation for tension on the walls of the heart?

A

T = Pressure x Radius

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14
Q

What happens in dilated cardiomyopathy to wall tension?

A

Increases at every pressure (d/t increased radius)

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15
Q

What is the equation for the resistance, relative to the radius?

A

R = r^-4

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16
Q

What is Poiseuille’s law?

A

R=8ℓƞ/πr4

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17
Q

What specific metabolite that increases in the heart due to increased work causes vasodilation?

A

Adenosine (from turnover of ATP)

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18
Q

What is the adrenergic receptor in the heart? What is the neurotransmitter that this responds to? What is the effect?

A

Beta 1
Norepi
Increaes HR

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19
Q

What are the two receptors in the coronary arteries that cause vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

A

Alpha 1 = vasoconstriction
Beta 1 = vasodilation

(***from book)

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20
Q

Core temperature is regulated within what range?

A

_+1 degree F

21
Q

How does core temperature change throughout the day?

A

Rises from waking, until late evening when it falls

22
Q

The luteal phase of the estrous cycle in denoted by what change in temperature (increase or decrease)?

A

Increase

23
Q

What is the way that the body can increase heat production?

A

Metabolism (shivering is also an acceptable answer)

24
Q

What are the four mechanisms of heat transfer that the body uses?

A
  1. Radiation
  2. Conduction
  3. Convection
  4. Evaporation
25
Q

What is radiation?

A

Infrared heat rays moving down a gradient

26
Q

Which type of colors reflect radiated heat wave (light or dark?)

A

Light

27
Q

What is conduction?

A

Movement of heat through physical touching of the two objects

28
Q

What is conductivity? What is air’s conductivity relative to water?

A

The rate at which heat can be transferred

Air is very low relative to water

29
Q

Vasodilation utilizes which mechanism of heat transfer to rid the body of excess heat?

A

Conduction

30
Q

Vasoconstriction utilizes which mechanism of heat transfer to maintain heat?

A

Conduction

31
Q

What is convection?

A

Transfer of heat by using an intermediate (e.g. heating air to heat a cake)

32
Q

Is the transfer of heat via convection more efficient in air or water?

A

Water

33
Q

Is there any mechanism of heat transfer that does not move down its concentration gradient? If so, which one?

A

None

34
Q

What is the receptor and neurotransmitter that innervated sweat glands?

A

sympathetic fibers, utilizing ACh

35
Q

What is the effect of humidity on the rate of evaporation?

A

lowers it

36
Q

What is the heat sensing center of the brain?

A

Anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area

37
Q

Do we have more cold or heat receptors on our skin? What about on our anterior hypothalamus?

A

More cold than heat on skin.

The reverse is true for the hypothalamus

38
Q

Where are the three cold/heat receptors located in the core of our bodies (not including skin)?

A

Spinal cord
Abdominal cavity
Great veins

39
Q

What is the role of ther posterior hypothalmus in temperature control?

A

Relay station for sensory inputs from periphery and anterior hypothalamus

Integrates response to warm or cool body

40
Q

What happens to the rate of heat/cold receptor discharge if the stimulus is maintained?

A

Sensitization

41
Q

How is vasodilation of the skin effected?

A

ANS withdrawal

42
Q

How do infants maintain body temp if they cannot shiver?

A

Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in brownt fat

43
Q

Where is the shivering signal generated from?

A

Posterior hypothalamus

44
Q

What is the long term strategy to adapt to cold conditions?

A

Thyroxine secretion

45
Q

How does thyroxine secretion lead to a long term increase in BMR? (3)

A
  1. Increases thyrotropin releasing hormone
  2. Increases TSH
  3. Increases Thyroxine
46
Q

What happens to the set point of shivering with increases in skin temperature?

A

Decreases

47
Q

Can angina increase with hot or cold temps?

A

Cold

48
Q

How can heat increase HR?

A

accelerate slope of the pacemaker potential

Physiology (75 decks)

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