Last bits

Question 1

Of the following, which excites extensors, and inhibits flexors:

• Lateral reticulospinal tract
• Medial reticulospinal tract
• Lateral vestibulospinal tract
• Medial vestibulospinal tract

Answer 1

Medial reticulo and lateral vestibulospinal tracts

Question 2

Where does the input for the labyrinthian righting reflex come from?

Answer 2

Vestibular apparatus

Question 3

Upper pons lesion will produce decerebrate or decorticate posturing?

Answer 3

Decerebrate

Question 4

Lesion below the red nuclei, but above the vestibular nuclei will allow what tract to facilitate extension and cause decerebrate posturing?

Answer 4

Lateral Vestibulospinal tract

Question 5

Where are the two places the lesions can occur to produce decorticate posturing?

Answer 5

Internal capsule

Midbrain

Question 6

Why is it that a lesion to the internal capsule or the midbrain causes decorticate posturing?

Answer 6

Release of cortical influence over the vestibulospinal and neck reflexes

Question 7

Lesions to the spinocerebellum causes hyper or hypotonia?

Answer 7

Hypotonia

Question 8

What are the three cortical areas involved in the motor loop of the basal ganglia?

Answer 8

Primary motor
Supplementary motor
Premotor

Question 9

What are the two cortical areas involved in the oculomotor loop of the basal ganglia?

Answer 9

FEF

Supplementary eye fields

Question 10

What is the cortical area involved in the prefrontal loop of the basal ganglia?

Answer 10

Dorsolateral prefrontal area

Question 11

What are the two cortical areas involved in the limbic loop of the basal ganglia?

Answer 11

Anterior cingulate

Orbitofrontal

Question 12

What are the functions of the vermal part of the spinocerebellar tract? (2)

Answer 12

Axial and proximal muscle regulation and eye saccades

Question 13

What is the function of the intermediate part of the spinocerebellar tract?

Answer 13

Distal muscle regulation