Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology > EKGs > Flashcards

EKGs Flashcards

1
Q

Is depolarization a process or a state?

A

Process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an EKG electrode detecting?

A

The flow of current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or false: an EKG electrode will not show anything, unless there is a change in the membrane potential/ a flow of current

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Positive charges moving toward an electrode produces what change on the EKG (rise above isoelectric line or drop below)?

A

Rises above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the P wave a result of?

A

Atrial myocyte depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does depolarization begin for each heart beat?

A

In the SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which wave on an EKG recording represents the SA node depolarizing?

A

There is none–too small to detect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Q wave represent (if present)?

A

Septal depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the first downward deflection of an EKG recording after the P wave? Is it alway present?

A

Q wave, not always there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first upward deflection of an EKG recording after the P wave? Is it alway present?

A

R wave, should always be there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the first downward deflection of an EKG recording after the R wave? Is it alway present?

A

S wave, may be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the R wave represent?

A

Ventricular muscle depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Repolarization of the Ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which part of the EKG recording represents atrial repolarization?

A

There is none–hidden in the R wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is occurring in the atrial muscles between the P wave and the Q wave?

A

Ca influx into the atrial myocytes, maintaining the depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is happening to the AP between the P wave and the Q wave?

A

Going through the Purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the S wave represent?

A

Ventricular muscle depolarization away from the electrode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the ST segment represent relative to the ventricular myocytes?

A

Plateau of the AP d/t Ca influx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the chart speed of EKG paper?

A

25 mm/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

10 mm on the EKG paper corresponds to what mV?

A

1 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

5 small boxes on EKG paper represent how many seconds?

A

0.2 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

5 large boxes (25 small boxes) on EKG paper represents what amount of time?

A

1 second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the interval between the beginning of the P wave, and the Q/R wave (whichever is present)?

A

PR interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the interval between the end of the S (or R) wave, and the beginning of the T wave?

A

ST segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the QRS interval?
Time between onset of the Q wave, to the end of the S wave
26
What is the QT interval?
Time between the onset of the Q wave, and the end of the T wave
27
What is the normal duration for the P wave?
1-2 small boxes
28
What is the normal duration of the PR interval?
3-5 small boxes
29
What is the normal duration of the QRS complex?
<1 to 3 small boxes
30
What is the normal duration of the ST segment?
Roughly half of R-R interval
31
What is the normal duration of the QT interval?
Variable (with HR)
32
What are the precordial leads?
V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
33
What are the limb leads?
I, II, & III
34
What are the three augmented lead?
aVR, aVL, aVF
35
Lead I begins and ends where?
Right arm to left arm
36
Lead II begins and ends where?
Right arm to left leg
37
Lead III begins and ends where?
Left leg to left arm
38
Where is the positive electrode for aVR?
Right arm
39
Where is the positive electrode for aVL?
Left arm
40
Where is the positive electrode for aVF?
Foot
41
Where is V1 placed on the chest?
4th intercostal space, along the right sternal border
42
Where is V2 placed on the chest?
4h intercostal space along the left sternal border
43
Where is V4 placed on the chest?
5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line
44
Where is V3 placed on the chest?
Between V2 and V4
45
Where is V5 placed on the chest?
In line with V4, on the anterior axillary line
46
Where is V6 placed on the chest?
In line with V4 and V5, on the midaxillary line
47
What are the three features you look at in an EKG?
Rate/regularity Mean QRS axis Rhythm
48
What are the two components that you assess for, for an EKG rhythm?
Intervals | Waveform morphologies
49
What is the best way to determine the HR on an EKG?
R to R interval 300 / (# of large boxes) = rough HR
50
Why is the T wave (ventricular repolarization) in the same direction as the R waveform (ventricular depolarization)?
The + electric potential spreads from endocardial to epicardial, then repolarization spreads from epicardial to endocardial
51
What does the U wave represent?
Repolarization of papillary, septum, or purkinje fibers
52
What is the cause of the EKG findings of a STEMI?
Current is flowing between injured and normal | areas of the heart
53
What is characteristic of a first degree AV block?
PR interval >200 ms (5 small boxes), but all P wave followed by a QRS complex
54
What is characteristic of a second degree AV block?
More P wave than QRS complexes, but majority normal
55
What is characteristic of a third degree AV block?
None of the P waves are generating a QRS complex Thus Heart is being paced from below the AV node
56
The magnitude of the vector/the EKG depolarization is reflecting what physiologically?
More muscle undergoing depolarization
57
Which lead is the 0 degree line?
Lead I
58
The voltage of a depolarization will be greatest when its vector is (parallel/perpendicular) to the EKG lead, and least when?
``` greatest = parallel Least = perpendicular ```
59
True or false: it is physiological to have a heart that is not exactly at 60 degrees relative to Lead I, and it is normal if this change within an individual
False-- it is normal to not have 60 degrees, but it should be constant. Changing axis = pathological finding
60
What is the angle between lead I and lead II?
60 degrees
61
What is the angle between lead I and lead III?
120 degrees
62
What is the angle between lead I and lead aVL?
-30 degrees
63
What is the angle between lead I and lead aVF?
90 degrees
64
What is the angle between lead I and lead aVR?
210 degrees
65
What is the axis of rotation if you see a positive deflection in lead I and aVF?
Normal axis
66
What is the axis of rotation if you see a negative deflection in lead I and a positive deflection in aVF?
RAD
67
What is the axis of rotation if you see a negative deflection in lead I and aVF?
"no man's land"
68
What is the axis of rotation if you see a positive deflection in lead I and a negative deflection in aVF?
LAD
69
What type of deviation will obesity cause?
LAD
70
What type of deviation will LVH cause?
LAD
71
What type of deviation will RVH cause?
RAD
72
What type of deviation will a LBB cause?
LAD
73
What type of deviation will a RBB cause?
RAD
74
What type of deviation will a tall stature cause?
RAD
75
What type of deviation will a supine position cause?
RAD
76
Why is the Q wave negative?
Septum depolarizes from the left to the right
77
Why is the R wave positive?
Depolarization straight down septum
78
What is the cause of the S wave?
Left ventricle depolarizes from left to right
79
What are the two major causes of increased voltage of the QRS?
Hypertrophy | Thin chest
80
What are the three major causes of decreased voltage of the QRS?
Previous MI Fluid Large chest (COPD)
81
What is the cause of ST depression?
Subendocardial injury
82
What is the cause of ST elevation?
Epicardial injury
83
Charges flow toward or away from the direction of injury
Toward
84
A PR interval greater than 0.2 seconds is indicative of what?
AV block
85
A PR interval of less than .12 is indicative of what?
Pre-excitation
86
A QRS complex than lasts longer than .12 seconds is indicative of what?
RBB or LBB
87
What is the rule for determining if the QT interval is normal?
less than half of the R-R interval

Physiology (75 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions