Additional ANS

Question 1

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on the radial muscle of the eye? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 1

alpha 1, contraction/mydriasis

Question 2

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found arterioles? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 2

alpha 1, contraction/increase TPR

Question 3

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found in veins? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 3

alpha 1, contraction/increase venous return

Question 4

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on the bladder and trigone sphincter? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 4

alpha 1, contraction/urinary retention

Question 5

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found in the penis for ejaculation? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 5

alpha 1, ejaculation

Question 6

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors found on the liver? What are the effects they produce?

Answer 6

alpha 1, and beta 2 glycogenolysis

Question 7

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors found on the kidney? What are the effects they produce?

Answer 7

alpha 1 and beta 1

alpha 1 decreases renin
Beta 1 increases renin

Question 8

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on prejunctional nerve terminals?? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 8

alpha 2, decrease transmitter release

Question 9

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on plratelets? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 9

alpha 2, aggregation

Question 10

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on the SA node? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 10

beta 1, Increase HR

Question 11

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on the AV node? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 11

beta 1, Increases conduction velocity

Question 12

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on the atrial and ventricular muscles? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 12

beta 1, Increase contraction

Question 13

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on purkinje fibers? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 13

beta 1, increase automaticity

Question 14

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on ALL blood vessels? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 14

Beta 2, vasodilation

Question 15

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on the uterus? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 15

Beta 2, relaxation

Question 16

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on bronchioles? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 16

beta 2, dilation

Question 17

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on the skeletal muscle? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 17

Beta 2, glycogenolysis

Question 18

What is the type of adrenergic receptor found on the pancreas? What is the effect it produces?

Answer 18

Beta 2, insulin secretion

Question 19

What is the effect of the D1 receptor on the kidneys?

Answer 19

vasodilation/ increase GFR

Question 20

What is the adrenergic receptor on the radial muscle of the eye?

Answer 20

alpha 1

Question 21

What is the muscarinic receptor on the sphincter (constrictor) muscle of the eye?

Answer 21

M3

Question 22

What is the muscarinic receptor on the ciliary muscle of the eye? Adrenergic?

Answer 22

M3 and beta 2

Question 23

What are the adrenergic receptors on the ciliary body of the eye?

Answer 23

beta 1 and beta 2

Question 24

What are the adrenergic/muscarinic receptors that utilize the Gi protein?

Answer 24

M2, alpha 2, D2

Question 25

What are the adrenergic/muscarinic receptors that utilize the Gq protein?

Answer 25

H1, alpa 1, V1, M1, M3

Question 26

What are the adrenergic/muscarinic receptors that utilize the Gs protein?

Answer 26

Beta 1, 2, M2, D1, H2, V2

Question 27

What are the adrenergic receptors that serve as targets for the treatment of glaucoma?

Answer 27

Beta 1 and 2

Question 28

What is the effect of alpha 1 on blood vessels? Beta 2?

Answer 28

alpha 1 = vasoconstriction | Beta 2 = vasodilation

Question 29

To treat asthma, which receptor would you want to stimulate?

Answer 29

beta 2

Question 30

What are homotrophic interactions? What is the type of receptor utilized here?

Answer 30

When the chemicals that a nerve secretes acts on itself to inhibit itself (usually). Alpha 2

Question 31

What are heterotrophic interactions? What is the receptor utilized here?

Answer 31

When a neurotransmitter acts on a receptor other than the one that it was released from. M2 or alpha 2

Question 32

Why does [ACh] go up in Parkinsons?

Answer 32

There is a decrease in dopamine, which means that ACh synapses are not inhibited

Question 33

What is denervation supersensitivity?

Answer 33

Just like it sounds, loss of a nerve results in hypersensitivity of the innervated organ to the neurotransmitter that is used to release

Question 34

What is one of the diagnostic tests for autonomic failure? What is the MOA for this?

Answer 34

Low-dose stimulators (this is d/t excess receptor production when neurotransmitters are low)

Question 35

What are the three possible causes of denervation hypersensitivity?

Answer 35

1. Increased receptors 2. Loss of transmitter removal mechanism 3. Increased postjunctional response

Question 36

What is a neuromodulator?

Answer 36

A chemical that affects the effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 37

What is cotransmission?

Answer 37

The fact that most presynaptic boutons release more than one neurotransmitter

Question 38

What are the main functions of the ANS?

Answer 38

Homeostasis | Coordinate responses

Question 39

True or false: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are NOT physiological opponents.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is the effect of an acute increase in BP?

Answer 40

Increases baroreceptor discharge, leading to decreased sympathetic tone, and decreased vasoconstriction

Question 41

For blood pressure, NE acts on what receptor to cause vasoconstriction?

Answer 41

Alpha 1

Question 42

What is the reflex that occurs when you have increased alpha 1 receptor activation?

Answer 42

Reflex bradycardia

Question 43

What is the reflex that occurs when you have decreased alpha 1 receptor activation?

Answer 43

Reflex tachycardia

Question 44

What is the effect of angiotensin II? Increases in which hormone causes its production?

Answer 44

Potent vasoconstrictor, activated by increased Renin production

Question 45

What is the MOA of aldosterone?

Answer 45

Increases BP by increasing NaCl uptake

Question 46

What is the sympathetic drive that will lead to an increase in BP?

Answer 46

``` Increased HR (Beta 1) Increase in vasoconstriction (alpha 1) ```